Diseases - General Information
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Diseases in Dogs
Diseases in Cats
Emergencies / First Aid
Poisoning / First aid
What are Diseases anyway? Is my pet sick?
Störungen der Körperfunktion, oft verbunden mit Unwohlsein und einer verminderten Leistungsfähigkeit, werden als Krankheiten bezeichnet.
Every disease is characterized by certain symptoms that help to identify the disease. Not all symptoms are easily recognizable or visible. Sometimes special examinations are necessary to detect them.
Welche Krankheiten kommen bei Hunden und Katzen besonders häufig vor?
What are the most common diseases in dogs?
- Dental diseases: Up to 80% of dogs older than three years show signs of dental diseases such as Tartar (calculus), gingivitis, or periodontitis.
- Ohrenentzündung: Ungefähr 20 % der Hunde leiden zumindest einmal in ihrem Leben an Ohrenentzündungen (Otitis externa).
- Skin diseases: Skin allergies are estimated to affect 10–15% of all dogs. Atopic dermatitis is particularly common. Skin infections such as bacterial dermatitis affect an estimated 5–10% of all dogs.
- GastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. problems: Vomiting is a common symptom, affecting approximately 15% of dogs annually. Approximately 10% of veterinary visits for dogs are due to DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. or other intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. problems.
- Non-cancerous skin massIn pathology, the term “mass” is used to describe an abnormal lump or growth in the body. A mass can form in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, or even inside the body. The causes can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).: BenignBenign refers to a non-invasive, non-serious condition that is not life-threatening. In medicine, the term is often used to describe benign tumors that do not metastasize, meaning they do not form secondary tumors. skin Tumors occur in approximately 10% of all dogs. Older animals are particularly affected.
- Inflammation/infection of the anal glands: Problems with the anal glands occur in approximately 12% of dogs.
- ArthritisArthritis is an inflammation of the joints that can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. There are many forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.: Osteoarthritis affects an estimated 20% of dogs older than one year. The frequency of these diseases increases with age.
- Cystitis: Urinary tract infections, including Cystitis, occur in approximately 14% of all dogs at least once in their lifetime.
What are the most common diseases in cats?
- Dental diseases (tooth infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., caries, abscess): Up to 70% of cats over three years show signs of dental diseases. Tartar (calculus), gingivitis, and FORL (Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions) dental diseases cause Pain and can significantly impair general well-being.
- ObesityObesity is the medical term for severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is often defined by a body condition score that is above the ideal range. in cats: It is estimated that between 25% and 40% of all domestic cats are overweight or obese. ObesityObesity is the medical term for severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is often defined by a body condition score that is above the ideal range. in cats is a serious problem that can significantly impair the health and well-being of animals.
- Skin diseases: Approximately 5–10% of cats show skin diseases, with allergic skin reactions accounting for approximately 5%. Allergies to fleas, food, or environmental substances lead to Itching, skin redness, Hair loss, and secondary infections.
- GastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. issues: Stomach problems with Vomiting affect about 10% of cats annually. Causes can be hairballs, Feed intolerances, infections, or serious conditions such as liver or pancreatic problems. Approximately 5–10% of cats occasionally suffer from DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. or other intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. problems. Causes range from changes in diet to parasiteA parasite is an organism that lives on or in another living being (the host) and feeds at its expense. Parasites can cause a variety of diseases in animals and humans. infestations to Inflammatory conditions.
- Heart diseases: Approximately 6–7% of all cats suffer from some form of heart disease. Presumably, it is significantly more (10–15% of all cats), as many cases go undetected. Symptoms often appear only in advanced stages. This shows how important it is to check the heart function before general anesthesia.
What are the most common diseases in older cats?
- ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. kidney diseases and urinary tract diseases: Approximately 10% of cats over seven years are affected, with the frequency of occurrence increasing with age. A progressiveProgressive describes a condition or disease that worsens over time. This term is often used to characterize the course of an illness that causes increasingly severe symptoms or damage. loss of kidney function leads to symptoms such as increased thirst and increased urination, Weight loss, loss of appetite, and lethargy. Approximately 5–8% of cats develop urinary tract diseases in the course of their lives. Diseases such as urinary stones, urinary tract infections, or idiopathicIdiopathic refers to a condition or disease for which the cause is unknown. It is used when no clear external cause or underlying disease can be identified as an explanation for the symptoms. (Cystitis of unclear cause). Cystitis leads to Pain during urination, frequent Urinary urgency, and can become life-threatening if left untreated.
- Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism): Affects approximately 10% of cats over the age of ten. The overproduction of thyroid hormones leads to Weight loss despite increased appetite, as well as to hyperactivityHyperactivity refers to an excessively high level of activity that goes beyond normal behavior. In dogs and cats, hyperactivity can be caused by behavioral problems, neurological disorders, or reactions to medications or toxins., increased thirst, and possibly to heart problems.
Note: The frequencies mentioned are estimates and may vary depending on the study, region, and specific cat populationIn veterinary medicine, the term population refers to a group of animals of a particular species living in a specific geographic area or environment.. For accurate epidemiological data, it is recommended to consult current veterinary medical literature. Regular check-ups with the veterinarian are important to detect and treat these diseases early.
Diese Krankheiten sollten wir besonders im Auge behalten.
The most important diseases of the teeth, oral cavity and/or jaw in dogs and cats
Problems of the teeth/oral cavity/jaw (stomatology) in dogs
Problems of the teeth/oral cavity/jaw (stomatology) in cats
The most important diseases of the larynx, nose and/or ears in dogs and cats
Ear diseases are categorized by the different regions that can be affected. Diese sind:
- das äußere Ohr (die Ohrmuschel),
- der äußere Gehörgang,
- das Mittelohr und
- das Innenohr.
Mögliche Ursachen für Erkrankungen sind:
- Infections with bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. or fungi,
- an infestation with Parasit (ear mites),
- Fremdkörper im äußeren Gehörgang,
- Verletzungen und
- Tumors
The most common diseases of the larynx/nose/ears (ENT) in dogs are:
The most common diseases of the larynx/nose/ears (ENT) in cats are:
Die wichtigsten Hautkrankheiten oder Krankheiten mit einer deutlichen Beteiligung der Haut bei Hunden und Katzen sind:
Hautprobleme bei Hunden
Hautprobleme bei Katzen
The most important disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and/or liver in dogs and cats
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and/or liver (gastroenterology/hepatology) in dogs
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and/or liver (gastroenterology/hepatology) in cats
The most important diseases of the kidney and/or urinary tract in dogs and cats
The most important diseases of the kidney and/or urinary tract (urology) in dogs
The most important diseases of the kidney and/or urinary tract (urology) in cats
Important laboratory values for hematology and clinical chemistry and their interpretation in dogs and cats
Normal ranges (reference values) of blood values can fluctuate without health problems being responsible for this. Causes for these fluctuations can be in particular: age, breed, pregnancy, time of day, last food intake, state of excitement and examination methods (reference values of the laboratory “Synlab”).
Hematology Dog
leukocytesLeukocytes, or white blood cells, are part of the immune system and play a central role in defending against infections and foreign substances. There are different types of leukocytes, each with specific functions.
- Neutrophile Granulozyten /µl 2500–8100
- Lymphozyten /µl 1000–3900
- Monozyten /µl < 600
- Eosinophile Granulozyten /µl < 1100
- Basophile Granulozyten /µl < 20
Erythrozyten T/l 5.9-8.5
- Hämoglobin g/l 142–202
- Hämatokrit l/l 0.45-0.64
- MCV fl 67,5-81,9
- MCH (HBE) pg 22,4-25,8
- MCHC g/dl 29,5-35,8
- Retikulozyten G/l < 121
Thrombozyten G/l 110–580
Klinische Chemie Hund
Leber
- Alkalische Phosphatase (AP) U/l < 128
- AST (GOT) U/l < 62
- ALT (GPT) U/l < 118
- gamma-GT U/l < 11
- GLDH U/l < 10,5
- BilirubinBilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when hemoglobin from red blood cells is broken down. It is further processed in the liver and then excreted via the bile. Elevated bilirubin levels may indicate liver dysfunction or impaired bile excretion. gesamt µmol/l < 5.1
Pankreas
- AmylaseAmylase is an enzyme that plays a role in carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch and glycogen into simpler sugars. It is mainly produced in the salivary glands and pancreas. U/l 314–1142
- DGGR-Lipase U/l < 127
- Muskulatur CK U/l < 338
- LDH U/I < 497
Fettstoffwechsel
- Cholesterin mmol/l 4.3-10.5
- Triglyceride mmol/l 0,4-2,8
Niere
- Kreatinin µmol/l < 141
- Harnstoff mmol/l 4,3-9,4
electrolytesElectrolytes are minerals in the body that carry an electric charge and perform vital functions such as regulating fluid balance, acid-base balance, and nerve and muscle activity. The main electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium.
- Natrium mmol/l 144–152
- Kalium mmol/l 4.3-5.7
- Na/Ka-Quotient mmol/l 26–35
- CalciumCalcium is a mineral that is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. It also plays a role in blood coagulation, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. mmol/l 2,44-2,82
- MagnesiumMagnesium is a vital mineral that plays a role in various bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, blood sugar control, and blood pressure regulation. In dogs and cats, a magnesium deficiency can lead to health problems. mmol/l 0.77-1.09
- Chlorid mmol/l 106–117
- Phosphat mmol/l 0,82-2,0
Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel
- Glukose mmol/l 3.9-6.7 3.9-6.7
- Fruktosamine µmol/l 166–318
Proteinstoffwechsel
- Albuminalbumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma and has important functions, such as transporting substances in the blood and maintaining osmotic pressure, which is crucial for the distribution of body fluids. g/l 28.1-39.4
- Globulin g/l 25,7-42,2
- Gesamteiweiß g/l 56.8-76.2
Schilddrüse
- T4 nmol/l 12,2-46,4
Hämatologie Katze
Leukozyten G/l 3.9-12.5
- Neutrophile Granulozyten /µl 1500–9400
- Lymphozyten /µl 1000–4900
- Monozyten /µl < 600
- Eosinophile Granulozyten /µl < 1300
- Basophile Granulozyten /< 40
Erythrozyten T/l 7.2-11.0
- Hämoglobin g/l 108–169
- Hämatokrit l/l 0.36-0.56
- MCV fl 42–57
- MCH (HBE) pg 13–17
- MCHC g/dl 29–35
- Retikulozyten G/l < 57
Thrombozyten G/l 127–427
Klinische Chemie Katze
Leber
- Alkalische Phosphatase (AP) U/l < 66
- AST (GOT) U/l < 47
- ALT (GPT) U/l < 102
- gamma-GT U/l < 5
- GLDH U/l < 9,2
- BilirubinBilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when hemoglobin from red blood cells is broken down. It is further processed in the liver and then excreted via the bile. Elevated bilirubin levels may indicate liver dysfunction or impaired bile excretion. gesamt µmol/l < 4.1
Pankreas
- DGGR-Lipase U/l < 27
- Muskulatur CK U/l < 272
- LDH U/I < 606
Niere
- Kreatinin µmol/l 60–166
- Harnstoff mmol/l 6,8-13,4
- Elektrolyte Natrium mmol/l 150–157
- Kalium mmol/l 3.9-5.4
- CalciumCalcium is a mineral that is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. It also plays a role in blood coagulation, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. mmol/l 2,24-2,83
- MagnesiumMagnesium is a vital mineral that plays a role in various bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, blood sugar control, and blood pressure regulation. In dogs and cats, a magnesium deficiency can lead to health problems. mmol/l 0.85-1.21
- Chlorid mmol/l 112–123
- Phosphat mmol/l 0,77-1,81 1,09-2,06
Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel
- Glukose mmol/l 3.9-8.3
- Fruktosamine µmol/l 146–306
Proteinstoffwechsel
- Albumin g/l 27.9-40.7
- Globulin g/l 32,4-58,1
- Albuminalbumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma and has important functions, such as transporting substances in the blood and maintaining osmotic pressure, which is crucial for the distribution of body fluids./Globulin-Quotient 0.5-1.0
- Gesamteiweiß g/l 68.0-89.5
Schilddrüse
- T4 nmol/l 12,2-46,4
Fettstoffwechsel
- Cholesterin mmol/l 2.7-9.0
- Triglyceride mmol/l 0,3-1,9
Interpretations of selected laboratory findings in dogs and cats – blood values (hematology) and blood chemistry (clinical chemistry)
Leukozyten (WBC), white blood cells
Leukozyten include cells that are responsible for defending against pathogens and for the immune systemThe immune system is the body’s defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body..
The number of Leukozyten in the blood provides information about
- ob im Knochenmark genügend weiße Blutkörperchen gebildet werden und
- ob eine Entzündung oder Bluterkrankung vorliegen könnte.
Leukozyten include various subgroups. Diese sind:
- Granulocytes, which are responsible for the body’s defense against bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. and foreign substances. Granulocytes are further divided into neutrophilsNeutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a vital role in the immune response, especially in fighting bacterial infections. They are part of the body’s first line of defense against pathogens., eosinophilic granulocytesEosinophilic granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays an important role in the immune response, especially in allergic reactions and parasitic infestations. An increased number of these cells in the blood may indicate allergic diseases or parasitic infections in dogs and cats., and basophilic granulocytes.
- LymphocytesLymphocytes are a group of white blood cells crucial for the body’s adaptive immune response. There are different types, including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, each with specific functions in the immune system., which are important for immune defense and contribute to the formation of antibodies.
- Monocytes, which are precursors of the so-called scavenger cells. They can absorb pathogens and dead cells.
Die Anzahl der weißen Blutkörperchen wird gezählt und die Untergruppen werden in einem sogenannten Differenzialblutbild (großes Blutbild) bestimmt.
Neutrophile Granulozyten
Neutrophile Granulozyten are a subtype of Leukozyten (white blood cells) and belong to the immune systemThe immune system is the body’s defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body.. They are essential for infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. defense and wound healingWound healing is the natural process of repairing tissue damage, occurring in phases including inflammation, tissue regeneration, and wound contraction, to restore tissue integrity.. Neutrophile Granulozyten can fight:
- Mikroorganismen
- Virus-infected cells
- TumorA tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue that can be benign or malignant. Tumors can develop in any part of the body and affect various functions. cells
- Other foreign antigens
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erniedrigte Anzahl neutrophiler Granulozyten:
- Bone marrow damage, e.g. due to Chemotherapie
- ViralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. infections (e.g. parvovirus, distemper)
- Extremely severe bacterial infections
- ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infestation
- Malnutrition (e.g. iron deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones., vitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B12 deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones., folic acid deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.)
- Cancers (e.g. various leukemias, Tumors)
- Bone marrow diseases (e.g. aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic Syndrom)
- Immunschwäche (z. B. genetisch bedingten oder erworbenen Immunschwäche)
- Medikamente (z. B. Chemotherapeutika, Immunsuppressiva)
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erhöhte Anzahl neutrophiler Granulozyten:
- AcuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. and chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Inflammatory conditions
- Bacterial infections
- MetabolicMetabolic refers to metabolism, i.e. the entirety of chemical processes that take place in a living organism to enable life processes. Metabolic disorders can cause a variety of Diseases in Dogs and cats. disorders (uremiaUremia is a condition of blood poisoning caused by the increase of waste products, especially urea, that are normally excreted by the kidneys. It occurs when kidney function is severely impaired., eclampsia)
- Krebs (e.g. leukemias)
- Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD)
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.
- StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and physical strain
- Trächtigkeit
- Medication (e.g. CortisolCortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. It plays an important role in the body’s stress response, as well as in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Cortisol also helps regulate blood sugar levels and suppress the immune system. treatment, Adrenalin)
lymphocytes
Lymphozyten are among the Leukozyten (white blood cells) and belong to the immune systemThe immune system is the body’s defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body.. They can provide valuable information about the function of the immune systemThe immune system is the body’s defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body..
Lymphozyten are examined when there is suspicion of:
- RecurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. infections
- Allergien
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Lymphozytose oder Lymphopenie
- During radiation therapyRadiation therapy is the use of radiation, most often to treat cancer. It can be used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth without significantly damaging surrounding healthy tissue.
- Infections with fungi or Parasit
Possible causes for too low Lymphozyten numbers:
Monozyten
- Bacterial infections (e.g. ehrlichiosis or Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
- ViralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. infections
- Entzündliche Erkrankungen (z. B. entzündliche Darmerkrankungen, Entzündung der Bauchspeicheldrüse)
- Parasitic infections (e.g. heartworm disease, Lyme borreliosis)
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoide arthritisArthritis is an inflammation of the joints that can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. There are many forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.)
- Krebs types (e.g. lymphomas, leukemia)
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erniedrigte Anzahl an Monozyten können sein:
- Bone marrow diseases (e.g. aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic Syndrom)
- Medikamente (z. B. Chemotherapeutika)
- ViralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. infections: Certain (e.g. parvovirus, distemper)
- Diseases such as chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. renal failure or liver diseases
Eosinophilic granulocytes
Eosinophile Granulozyten belong to the Leukozyten (white blood cells) and are involved in the defense against Parasit (especially worms) and viruses.
The number of eosinophile Granulozyten is examined when there is suspicion of:
- ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections (e.g. heartworm diseases, intestinal Parasit
- Allergische Reaktionen:
- Hautkrankheiten (z. B. eosinophiler Granulomkomplex)
- Krebs (lymphomas)
Mögliche Ursachen für eine Erhöhung der eosinophilen Granulozyten
- ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections (e.g. heartworm diseases, intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. Parasit)
- Allergische Reaktionen (z. B. auf Nahrungsmittel, Pollen, Flohbisse)
- Hautkrankheiten (z. B. eosinophiler Granulomkomplex)
- RespiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. diseases (e.g. asthma, chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. obstructive pulmonaryPulmonary refers to the lungs or the respiratory system. Pulmonary diseases in dogs and cats include conditions such as Pneumonia, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension. disease (COPD)
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Pemphigus complex)
Possible symptoms of diseases with Eosinophilie:
- Fever, weakness
- Lethargy
- Weight loss
- Shortness of breath
- Reduced Resilience
- Pale Mucous Membranes
- Bauchschmerzen
- DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems.
- Itching,
- Pustules and papules, hives
- Disorientation
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erniedrigte Anzahl an eosinophilen Granulozyten sind:
- StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. (anxiety, fear, Pain)
- Medications (e.g. CortisolCortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. It plays an important role in the body’s stress response, as well as in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Cortisol also helps regulate blood sugar levels and suppress the immune system.)
- Bacterial infections (e.g. SepsisSepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body’s overwhelming response to an infection, which can lead to damage to its own tissues and organ failure.)
- ChemotherapyChemotherapy refers to the treatment of diseases, especially cancer, with chemical substances or drugs. It aims to kill cancer cells or prevent their growth, but can also affect healthy cells.
- Morbus Cushing (high CortisolCortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. It plays an important role in the body’s stress response, as well as in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Cortisol also helps regulate blood sugar levels and suppress the immune system. production)
Basophile Granulozyten
Basophile Granulozyten are among the white blood cells that are important for the immune systemThe immune system is the body’s defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body.. They are important for fighting Parasit and in connection with allergic reactions, as they can release substances (histamines).
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erhöhte Anzahl an basophilen Granulozyten sind:
- Krebs types (e.g. mast cell Tumors)
- Parasitären Infektionen
- Diseases of the bone marrow (e.g. chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. myeloid leukemia)
- Allergic Reaction
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. (e.g. Juvenile idiopathicIdiopathic refers to a condition or disease for which the cause is unknown. It is used when no clear external cause or underlying disease can be identified as an explanation for the symptoms. ArthritisArthritis is an inflammation of the joints that can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. There are many forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.)
- Polycythaemia vera (PV)
- Hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism)
- Chronic Inflammatory conditions (e.g. Inflammatory conditions)
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erniedrigte Anzahl an basophilen Granulozyten sind:
- At the beginning of an infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.
- Physical strain and StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being.
- Geschädigtes Knochenmark
- Schilddrüsenüberfunktion (Hyperthyreose)
- Rheumatoide ArthritisArthritis is an inflammation of the joints that can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. There are many forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
- Medications
Erythrozyten
Erythrozyten (red blood cells) transport oxygen in the blood from the lungs to all tissues and cells of the body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. Erythrozyten are the most common cells in the blood and contain the blood pigment Hämoglobin. The formation of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) takes place mainly in the bone marrow. After an average of three months, the red blood cells are broken down in the spleen and liver. A high RBC count is called erythrocytosis. It is relatively rare in dogs and cats.
Mögliche Symptome bei Anämie sind:
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Hair loss
- Bauchschmerzen
- Vomiting
- Jaundice (Ikterus)
Mögliche Ursachen für eine hohe RBC-Zahl sind:
- DehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.
- Herz- oder Lungenerkrankung
- Krebs (e.g. leukemia)
- Leben in großen Höhen, da der Körper versucht, die in diesen Höhen verringerte Sauerstoffmenge durch eine erhöhte RBG-Anzahl auszugleichen.
- Hormonal disorders
- Special Tumors
Mögliche Ursachen für eine niedrige RBC-Zahl sind:
- ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Inflammatory conditions
- Bleeding
- Parasit
- Medications (e.g. non-steroidalNon-steroidal refers to medications or substances that are not steroids and often have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or antipyretic effects. They are used in dogs and cats to treat Pain and Inflammatory conditions. anti-inflammatory drugAnti-inflammatory drugs are medications or substances that help reduce or prevent inflammatory responses in the body. They can be divided into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., corticosteroids).)
- Nutrient deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones. (e.g. deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones. of iron, vitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B12, folic acid deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.)
- Diseases (e.g. Krebs, kidney diseases, autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.)
Bone marrow diseases (Krebs types)
Hämoglobin Hb
Hämoglobin is the red blood pigment in the red blood cells (Erythrozyten), which binds oxygen and transports it in the bloodstream. The values are subject to significant fluctuations depending on age and gender.
Possible causes for decreased Hämoglobin values are:
- Anemia
- Blood Loss
- Iron deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones., vitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B12 deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones., folic acid deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.
- Increased Erythrozyten degradation (hemolysis)
- Trächtigkeit
- Überschuss an Wasser im Körper (Hyperhydratation)
- Inflammatory Bowl Disease (IBD)
- Nierenerkrankungen
- Hämoglobinopathies (congenitalCongenital means “present from birth” and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. diseases such as α- and β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia)
Possible causes for high Hämoglobin values
- Lack of water in the body (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.)
- Eine bestimmte Form von Blutkrebs (Polycythaemia vera, PV)
- Hormone-producing renal cell carcinomas
- The drug Erythropoetin (EPO)
- Langer Aufenthalt in höheren Lagen
- Polyglobulie
Hämatokrit Hk
The Hämatokrit indicates the ratio between liquid and solid components in the blood. The liquid component of the blood is called blood plasmaBlood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are transported. It consists of about 90% water, as well as proteins, glucose, minerals, and other substances. or just plasma. The solid components of the blood are the blood cells. The red blood cells, the Erythrozyten, make up about 99% of the blood cells.
The hematocrit also indicates how thin or thick the blood is. A high proportion of blood cells, i.e. a high hematocritThe hematocrit value indicates the proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It is an important indicator of the state of blood formation and can provide information on anemia, dehydration, or other diseases., makes the blood more viscous, while a low proportion of blood cells and, consequently, a low hematocritThe hematocrit value indicates the proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It is an important indicator of the state of blood formation and can provide information on anemia, dehydration, or other diseases. makes the blood less viscous.
Indications of a decreased hematocritThe hematocrit value indicates the proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It is an important indicator of the state of blood formation and can provide information on anemia, dehydration, or other diseases. include:
- Pale mucous membranes
- Weakness
- Lethargy
- RespiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress and shortness of breath
- Kalte Extremitäten (Ohren, Beine)
- Unregelmäßiger Herzschlag
- Water retention (edemaAn edema is a buildup of fluid in the body’s tissues, leading to Swelling. Edema can be localized or generalized and is often a sign of an underlying condition.)
Indications of an increased hematocritThe hematocrit value indicates the proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It is an important indicator of the state of blood formation and can provide information on anemia, dehydration, or other diseases.:
- Gerötete Haut
- GaitUncertainty / disorientation
- Confusion
- Herzfrequenz ist erhöht
Possible causes of a decreased hematocritThe hematocrit value indicates the proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It is an important indicator of the state of blood formation and can provide information on anemia, dehydration, or other diseases.:
- Anämie (Blutarmut), z. B. durch
- Eisenmangel
- Vitamin B12 deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.
- Folsäuremangel
- Internal Bleeding
- Leukämie
- Nierenerkrankungen
- Hemolysishemolysis is the process of red blood cell breakdown, releasing hemoglobin. It can be triggered by various factors, including certain diseases, toxins, or incompatible transfusions. (breakdown of red blood cells)
- Erbkrankheiten
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Hyperhydratation, Überwässerung (z. B. durch überschießende Infusionen)
Possible causes of an increased hematocritThe hematocrit value indicates the proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It is an important indicator of the state of blood formation and can provide information on anemia, dehydration, or other diseases.:
- Polyglobulie, übermäßige Bildung roter Blutkörperchen (z. B. Lungenerkrankunge, Leukämie, hormonelle Störungen)
- DehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse. (fluid deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.)
- Sauerstoffmangel
Mittleres korpuskuläres Volumen MCV
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a blood parameter that indicates the average volume of red blood cells. MCV is an important component of a complete blood count. It provides valuable information about the health of red blood cells and can help identify the causes of anemia.
Mögliche Ursachen für ein hohes mittleres korpuskuläres Volumen (MCV) bei Hunden und Katzen, eine makrozytäre Anämie, sind:
- VitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B12 deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.
- Folsäuremangel
- Lebererkrankung
- Hypothyreose
- Bestimmte Medikamente
Mögliche Ursachen für ein niedriges mittleres korpuskuläres Volumen (MCV) bei Hunden und Katzen, eine mikrozytäre Anämie, sind:
- Eisenmangel
- ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. diseases such as chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. kidney disease, cancerCancer refers to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can lead to tumors or spread throughout the body. Various types of cancer occur in dogs and cats, ranging from skin cancer to lymphomas. and inflammatory bowel disease
- Blood loss due to injuries, surgeries, or parasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections
- Deficiencies such as copper, zinc and vitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B6 deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.
- Certain hereditary diseases such as thalassemia and impaired formation of the blood pigment hemoglobinhemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. (hemoglobinopathies)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH
The mean corpuscular hemoglobinhemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. (MCH) indicates the hemoglobinhemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. content of the red blood cells (erythrocytesErythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most common blood cells in the human body. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.), i.e. the average hemoglobinhemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. content of a single erythrocyte.
Mögliche Ursachen für einen niedrigen MCH:
- Eisenmangel
- Kupfermangel
- VitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B6 deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.
- Anemia in chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Inflammatory conditions
- TumorA tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue that can be benign or malignant. Tumors can develop in any part of the body and affect various functions. anemia
- Aplastischen Anämie
Mögliche Ursachen für einen zu hohen MCH:
- VitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. B12 deficiency
- Folsäuremangel
- DehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.
- Leukämie
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration MCHC
MCHC stands for mean corpuscular hemoglobinhemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. concentration, a blood testA blood test is a laboratory procedure in which blood is drawn and analyzed to obtain information about the body’s health. It can include various parameters such as blood sugar, blood count, liver and kidney values. parameter that measures the hemoglobin concentration in an average red blood cell (RBC). MCHC is an important component of a complete blood count.
Mögliche Ursachen für einen niedrigen MCHC:
- Hypochrome Anämien (z. B. bei Eisenmangel, Thalassämie, Kupfermangel)
- Eisenverwertungsstörungen
- Myelodysplastic SyndromeA syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur together and indicate a specific disease or condition. A syndrome can be caused by various factors and is often complex in its diagnosis and treatment.
Mögliche Ursachen für einen hohen MCHC:
- Intravascular hemolysishemolysis is the process of red blood cell breakdown, releasing hemoglobin. It can be triggered by various factors, including certain diseases, toxins, or incompatible transfusions. (premature breakdown of red blood cells in the circulatory system)
- Hereditäre Sphärozytose (Kugelzellanämie) bei Hunden
- Infusion von Lipidemulsionen
- Extreme Hypertriglyceridämie
- Cold agglutinin syndrome
Retikulozyten
Newly formed, not yet fully matured erythrocytesErythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most common blood cells in the human body. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. are called reticulocytes. The reticulocyte count indicates the proportion of these immature cells in relation to the total number of red blood cells. The normal value is about one percent. Newer devices measure the absolute proportion of reticulocytes in the blood.
The reticulocyte count is well suited to assess the activity of the bone marrow with regard to the formation of red blood cells. In the event of Blood loss or anemia, healthy bone marrow reacts with increased formation and release of reticulocytes. Their determination is therefore well suited for assessing bone marrow function.
Mögliche Ursachen für hohe Retikulozytenzahl können sein:
- Regeneration of acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. or chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Blood loss
- Regeneration of hemolysishemolysis is the process of red blood cell breakdown, releasing hemoglobin. It can be triggered by various factors, including certain diseases, toxins, or incompatible transfusions. (breakdown of erythrocytesErythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most common blood cells in the human body. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs. in the circulation)
- Knochenmarkserkrankungen wie Leukämie oder Lymphom
- Control of anemia therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions.
Mögliche Ursachen für eine niedrige Retikulozytenzahl sind:
- Vitanin-B12-Mangel, Folsäuremangel (Megaloblastäre Anämie)
- Eisenmangelanämie
- Aplastische Anämie
- Renal anemia or kidney failureRenal failure is a condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately perform their function of filtering and excreting waste products from the blood. It can be acute or chronic and requires immediate medical treatment. (erythropoietinErythropoietin is a hormone produced mainly in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bone marrow. It plays an essential role in the body’s adaptation to oxygen demand. deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones.)
- Myelodysplastic SyndromeA syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur together and indicate a specific disease or condition. A syndrome can be caused by various factors and is often complex in its diagnosis and treatment. (MDS)
- Cytostatic therapy
- Radiation therapyRadiation therapy is the use of radiation, most often to treat cancer. It can be used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth without significantly damaging surrounding healthy tissue.
- Medications
- Panmyelopathie
- Hämolytische Transfusionsreaktion
- Virus infections (parvovirus)
- Vergiftung durch das Knochenmark schädigende Stoffe (Benzol)
- Chronic diseases such as chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. kidney disease or cancerCancer refers to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can lead to tumors or spread throughout the body. Various types of cancer occur in dogs and cats, ranging from skin cancer to lymphomas.
- ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Blood loss due to gastrointestinal ulcers or parasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections
Platelets PLT
The platelet count PLT is a blood testA blood test is a laboratory procedure in which blood is drawn and analyzed to obtain information about the body’s health. It can include various parameters such as blood sugar, blood count, liver and kidney values. parameter that measures the number of platelets in a sample. Platelets are small cell fragments that are involved in blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. and play an important role in preventing excessive Bleeding. Platelet count values vary depending on age, breed and gender. The platelet count is an important component of a complete blood count. A low platelet count (thrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia is a condition in which the number of platelets in the blood is lower than normal, increasing the risk of mild to severe Bleeding.) can lead to increased Bleeding, while a high platelet count (thrombocytosis) can lead to excessive blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound..
Possible causes of a decreased platelet count (thrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia is a condition in which the number of platelets in the blood is lower than normal, increasing the risk of mild to severe Bleeding.) are:
- Immune-mediated destructionDestruction means “demolition.” In medicine, it refers to the destruction of cells, tissues, organs, or body parts. The growth of malignant Tumors is also usually accompanied by destruction of the surrounding tissue. of plateletsPlatelets, also called thrombocytes, are cells in the blood that play a crucial role in blood coagulation. They help stop Bleeding by forming clots that seal injuries in blood vessels.
- Suppression of bone marrow function (bone marrow suppression) e.g. by chemotherapyChemotherapy refers to the treatment of diseases, especially cancer, with chemical substances or drugs. It aims to kill cancer cells or prevent their growth, but can also affect healthy cells., radiation therapyRadiation therapy is the use of radiation, most often to treat cancer. It can be used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth without significantly damaging surrounding healthy tissue.)
- Infectious diseases such as ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis
- Arzneimittelreaktionen
- Diseases such as cancer or kidney disease
- AcuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. or chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Blood loss
- Medications such as non-steroidalNon-steroidal refers to medications or substances that are not steroids and often have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or antipyretic effects. They are used in dogs and cats to treat Pain and Inflammatory conditions. anti-inflammatory drugsAnti-inflammatory drugs are medications that reduce inflammation. They can be divided into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids and are used in dogs and cats to reduce Inflammatory conditions and Pain. (NSAIDNSAID stands for “Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.” These medications are used to reduce inflammatory conditions, pain, and fever. In dogs and cats, NSAIDs must be used with caution, as they can have side effects, especially on the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. (non-steroidalNon-steroidal refers to medications or substances that are not steroids and often have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or antipyretic effects. They are used in dogs and cats to treat Pain and Inflammatory conditions. anti-inflammatory drugAnti-inflammatory drugs are medications or substances that help reduce or prevent inflammatory responses in the body. They can be divided into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., corticosteroids).))
Possible causes of an increased platelet count (thrombocytosis) in dogs and cats are:
- Inflammatory conditions such as infections
- Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Cancer
- Bone marrow diseases such as myeloproliferativeMyeloproliferative disorders are a group of diseases in which there is excessive production of blood cells in the bone marrow. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on the type of cells overproduced. diseases and leukemia
- Eisenmangelanämie
- Körperliche Aktivität oder Aufregung
- Medications such as corticosteroidsCorticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that occur naturally in the body and can also be produced synthetically. They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and are used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of conditions.
Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit BSG
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR is a blood testA blood test is a laboratory procedure in which blood is drawn and analyzed to obtain information about the body’s health. It can include various parameters such as blood sugar, blood count, liver and kidney values. parameter that measures how quickly red blood cells (erythrocytesErythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most common blood cells in the human body. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.) settle to the bottom of a test tube over a certain period of time. The ESR is a non-specific test, but it provides information about the degree of inflammation in the body. In the meantime, there are more precise, meaningful tests, so that the ESR is only rarely measured. Inflammatory conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. and cancer are associated with an increase in the ESR.
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erhöhte Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG) bei Hunden und Katzen sind:
- Inflammatory conditions (e.g. B. such as infections, autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. and cancerCancer refers to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can lead to tumors or spread throughout the body. Various types of cancer occur in dogs and cats, ranging from skin cancer to lymphomas.
- ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections such as heartworm disease and tick-borne diseases
- Trächtigkeit
- Anämie
- Medications such as corticosteroids
Mögliche Ursachen für eine erniedrigte Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG)
- Low Protein levels in the blood due to liver disease or malnutrition
- PolycythemiaPolycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by an increased number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. This can lead to increased blood viscosity and cause problems such as blood clots, strokes, or heart attacks. In dogs and cats, polycythemia can be primary (as a stand-alone disease) or secondary (as a reaction to other conditions). (increased number of red blood cells with simultaneously reduced plasma volume)
- Herzinsuffizienz
- Hyperbilirubinemia (increased bilirubinBilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when hemoglobin from red blood cells is broken down. It is further processed in the liver and then excreted via the bile. Elevated bilirubin levels may indicate liver dysfunction or impaired bile excretion. levels) e.g. due to liver disease
C-reactive Protein CPR
C-reactive ProteinProteins are large molecules made up of amino acids and play an essential role in almost all biological processes. They are necessary for building body tissue, the function of the immune system, and as enzymes for metabolic reactions. is produced by the liver in response to Inflammatory conditions, infections, tissue damage or other inflammatory disorders. The CRP test is not very specific, but is often used in veterinary medicine to assess the presence and severity of inflammation in dogs and cats. StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and surgeries are also associated with an increase in CRP.
Possible causes of a high C-reactive Protein level (CRP) in dogs and cats are:
- Inflammatory conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. and cancerCancer refers to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can lead to tumors or spread throughout the body. Various types of cancer occur in dogs and cats, ranging from skin cancer to lymphomas.
- Tissue injury, such as a traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries., surgery or pancreatitis
- Obesity as a result of an associated chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. inflammation.
- Alter
- Stress
Mögliche Ursachen für niedrige CRP-Werte sind:
- Es liegt keine Entzündung vor
- Disorders of CRP measurement in hemolysis (breakdown of erythrocytesErythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most common blood cells in the human body. Their main function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs.) or lipemia (high fat content) of the blood sample
- Reaktion auf Entzündung hat im Körper noch nicht stattgefunden
- HypoproteinemiaHypoproteinemia is a condition in which there is an abnormally low protein content in the blood, which can lead to various health problems such as edema and impaired wound healing. Possible causes include inadequate intake, increased consumption, or impaired synthesis. (Protein deficiency) in liver disease or malnutrition
Procalcitonin PCT
Procalcitonin is a ProteinProteins are large molecules made up of amino acids and play an essential role in almost all biological processes. They are necessary for building body tissue, the function of the immune system, and as enzymes for metabolic reactions. that is produced in response to bacterial infections and Inflammatory conditions. PCT values are particularly suitable for the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients., monitoring of the course and therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. control of very severe bacterial diseases such as sepsis. VirusA virus is a microscopic infectious particle that cannot reproduce on its own and must infect a host cell to produce new virus particles. Viruses can cause a variety of diseases in humans, animals, and plants., fungal, parasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections or allergies and autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus. do not lead to an increase in PCT values in the blood and are therefore not detected by this test.
Mögliche Ursachen für erhöhte PCT-Werte können sein:
- Bacterial infections
- Inflammatory conditions such as pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreasThe pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin. It plays an important role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.), inflammations of the intestineThe intestine is the medical term for the gut, including the small intestine (intestinum tenue) and the large intestine (intestinum crassum). It plays a central role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. and traumas such as surgeries and injuries
- Medications such as corticosteroidsCorticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that occur naturally in the body and can also be produced synthetically. They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and are used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of conditions.
PCT ist ein relativ neuer Bluttestparameter und wird in der Veterinärmedizin noch relativ selten routinemäßig verwendet.
Mögliche Ursachen für einen raschen Abfall eines ursprünglich erhöhten PCT-Wertes:
- Antibiotikatherapie