Home » Diseases » In dogs » Inflammation of the Glandula Analis (Anal Gland Inflammation)

Inflammation of the Glandula Analis (Anal Gland Inflammation) in Dogs

Synonyms: Anal sac inflammation, anal gland Abscess (in more severe cases)

Occurrence: common
Location of disease: Abdomen/pelvis

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 17.02.2026

When to visit the vet?

Non-urgent see a veterinarian within 2–3 days

If the condition worsens / symptoms persist, consult a veterinarian.

Definition

Anal gland inflammation in dogs is a condition in which the anal glands, located on both sides of the anusThe anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which stool is eliminated from the body. In dogs and cats, the health of the anus can be an important indicator of various conditions such as parasite infestation and gland problems., are inflamed or infected. This can lead to Pain, discomfort, and other health problems.

The most important facts at a glance

Anal gland inflammation in dogs occurs when the anal glands, which are normally emptied during defecation, become blocked and inflamed. This can be caused by soft stools, insufficient fiber intake, allergies, Overweight, or genetic factors. A bacterial infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. can develop if bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. enter the blocked glands, which can lead to abscesses. Typical symptoms include scooting the hindquarters on the floor, Pain in the anal region, increased Licking and Itching, and a foul odor from the secretion.

DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is made through a clinical examination and possibly manual emptying of the glands. If an infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is suspected, the secretion is taken for laboratory tests. Treatment varies depending on the severity: from manual emptying to antibiotics to surgical interventions for abscesses. A high-fiber diet can help prevent future problems. The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is good with early treatment; chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. cases may require long-term lifestyle changes. Research is investigating preventive measures and better treatments, including the role of microflora and genetic factors, as well as innovative therapies like probiotics. Surgical techniques for gland removal are also being improved to minimize complications.

Causes

The anal glands are paired structures that secrete fluids. These glands have played a role in communication and marking in dogs by releasing a specific secretion that is released during defecation.

Normally, the anal glands are naturally emptied with each bowel movement. However, if the stool does not have the correct consistency or the glands are blocked, a build-up of secretion can occur. This accumulation can lead to Inflammatory conditions and infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. of the glands.

One of the most common causes of anal gland inflammation is insufficient emptying of the glands due to soft stools. Factors such as insufficient fiber intake or DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. can contribute. Similarly, allergies, Overweight, and genetic factors can also play a role.

A bacterial infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. can occur if bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. enter the blocked glands. This can lead to a serious infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and, in severe cases, an abscess that may require surgical intervention.

Symptoms

Very common symptoms:

Common symptoms:

Rare symptoms:

A common symptom of anal gland inflammation is so-called “scooting”, where the dog drags its rear end across the floor. Dogs do this to relieve the Itching or discomfort caused by the inflamed glands.

Dogs may also show excessive Licking or biting at the anal area. In some cases, the area may appear swollen or reddened. There may also be an unpleasant odor coming from the infected glands.

Pain during defecation or an altered gait where the dog holds its tail down can also be signs of anal gland inflammation. In severe cases, Fever and apathyApathy refers to a state of indifference and reduced interest or lack of emotional involvement in activities or events that would normally arouse interest. may occur, which could indicate a systemic infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

Diagnosis

The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of anal gland inflammation is usually based on a thorough clinical examination by the veterinarian. The veterinarian will carefully examine the area around the anusThe anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which stool is eliminated from the body. In dogs and cats, the health of the anus can be an important indicator of various conditions such as parasite infestation and gland problems. and look for signs of Swelling, redness, or Inflammatory conditions.

In some cases, the veterinarian may perform a manual emptying of the glands to determine if there is a blockage. This can also help to remove the affected secretion and relieve the symptoms.

If an infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is suspected, a sample of the secretion can be taken and sent to the laboratory for microbiological examination. This helps to identify the specific bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. causing the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and select the appropriate antibiotic therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions..

Therapy

The treatment of anal gland inflammation depends on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, manual emptying of the glands may be sufficient to relieve the symptoms.

For bacterial infections, antibiotics may be necessary. These can be administered orally or, in more severe cases, injected directly into the glands. Anti-inflammatory medications may also be prescribed to reduce Swelling and Pain.

In cases where an Abscess has formed, surgery may be required to drain the pus and clean the wound. This is usually performed under sedationSedation refers to the state of calming or suppressing the central nervous system with medication, which reduces anxiety and irritability and sometimes induces a light sleep. or general anesthesiaGeneral anesthesia is a medical procedure that induces unconsciousness and eliminates pain during surgical procedures. It involves the use of anesthetics to temporarily shut down the body's overall perception..

After treatment, it is important to adjust the dog’s diet and lifestyle to prevent future problems. A high-fiber diet can help to firm up the stool and promote regular emptying of the glands.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with anal gland inflammation is generally good if the condition is recognized and treated early. With proper care and follow-up, most dogs tend to recover completely.

In chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. or recurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. cases, a permanent change in lifestyle may be necessary to prevent future problems. Surgical removal of the anal glands may be considered if repeated infections occur.

Prevention

The preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of anal gland inflammation can be facilitated by a balanced diet that is rich in fiber. This helps to keep the stool bulky and firm, which supports the natural emptying of the glands.

Regular exercise and weight control are also important to avoid Overweight, which can be a risk factor for anal gland problems. In dogs that are prone to such problems, regular manual emptying of the glands by a veterinarian or an experienced owner can be helpful.

A regular veterinary examination can help to detect and treat problems early before they lead to serious health problems. If there are signs of discomfort or changes in the dog’s behavior, a veterinarian should be consulted to quickly identify and treat the cause.

Outlook on current research

Anal gland inflammation in dogs is a common veterinary problem that can be triggered by various factors, including infections, blockages, and allergic reactions. Current research focuses on identifying preventive measures and developing more effective treatment approaches. A significant advance is the study of the microbial flora of the anal glands to determine which bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. species are most commonly associated with Inflammatory conditions. Researchers use modern genetic analysis techniques to improve microbiota profiling and identify potentially harmful bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. that can be specifically targeted.

Likewise, the role of nutrition in anal gland health is being investigated. Studies have shown that a high-fiber diet can facilitate gland emptying and reduce the risk of blockages. Researchers are working on developing special diets that not only improve overall digestive health but are also specifically tailored to the needs of dogs with recurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. anal gland problems. These diets could play a key role in the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of anal gland inflammation in the future.

Another exciting area of research is the genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases. to anal gland problems. Some dog breeds appear to be more susceptible to this condition, and scientists are trying to identify genetic markers associated with an increased risk. This information could be used in breeding to reduce the risk of anal gland inflammation in certain breeds.

Innovative therapeutic approaches, such as the use of probiotic preparations to support healthy bacterial colonization, are also being investigated. InitialInitial means beginning or at the start. In medicine, it can refer to the first symptoms of a disease or the first phase of a treatment process. studies show that certain probiotics have anti-inflammatory properties and can support the healing of existing inflammatory conditions. Long-term studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and safety of these treatments.

In the field of surgery, improved techniques for anal gland removal are being developed that are less invasiveInvasive describes medical procedures or pathogens that enter the body or penetrate tissue. In medicine, invasive procedures can range from minimally invasive techniques to open surgery. and carry a lower risk of complications such as incontinenceIncontinence refers to the inability to voluntarily control urine or stool, leading to involuntary loss. There are various forms, including urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence, which can be caused by different factors.. The goal is to limit surgical removal to cases where all other treatment options have been exhausted, while maximizing the success rate and well-being of the animals. Research in this area promises to significantly improve the quality of life for affected dogs.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What are anal glands in dogs?

Anal glands are small glands located on both sides of a dog's anus. They produce a strong-smelling fluid used for territory marking or communication with other dogs.

Why do the anal glands become inflamed?

Anal gland inflammation can be caused by blockages, infections, allergic reactions, or insufficient emptying of the glands due to Diarrhea or soft stools.

How can I tell if my dog has anal gland inflammation?

Common signs include excessive Licking or biting at the anus, scooting the hindquarters on the ground, Swelling in the anal region, and a foul odor.

How is anal gland inflammation treated?

Treatment may include manual emptying of the glands, administration of antibiotics for infections, or anti-inflammatory medications. For chronic problems, surgical removal of the glands may be considered.

Can anal gland inflammatory conditions be prevented?

A high-fiber diet, regular exercise, and good care of the anal region can help reduce the risk of anal gland inflammatory conditions. Regular manual emptying by a veterinarian may also be useful for dogs with recurring problems.

Which dog breeds are most commonly affected?

Smaller dog breeds such as Dachshunds, Beagles, and Cocker Spaniels appear to be more frequently affected by anal gland problems. The exact cause for this is unclear but could be related to anatomy and genetics.

Is anal gland inflammation painful for my dog?

Yes, inflammation of the anal glands can be very painful and significantly impair the dog's well-being. It is important to recognize the symptoms early and initiate treatment.

Can I empty my dog's anal glands myself?

While some dog owners learn to empty their dogs' anal glands themselves, this is generally performed by veterinarians. Improper emptying can lead to injuries or infections.

How often should the anal glands be emptied?

This varies from dog to dog. Some dogs need more regular emptying, while others hardly have any problems. A veterinarian can recommend an appropriate schedule based on your dog's individual needs.

What happens if anal gland inflammation is left untreated?

Untreated anal gland inflammation can lead to abscesses, fistulas, and severe infections that may require more intensive medical treatment or even surgery.

Literature

Atkin, G. K., Martins, J., Tozer, P., Ranchod, P., & Phillips, R. K. S. (2011). Fistulotomy: A good option for high anal fistulas. coloproctology, 33, 345-352.
Park, J. K., Hong, I. H., Ki, M. R., Hong, K. S., Ji, A. R., Do, S. H., & Jeong, K. S. (2010). Multiple perianal infundibular follicular cysts in a dog. Veterinary dermatology, 21(3), 303-306.
Hummel, P. H., Kohne, K., & Weiskopf, S. (1998). Use of clindamycin for the treatment of chronic wound infections, interdigital pyoderma and anal sac infections in dogs and cats. Der Praktische Tierarzt 79(8): 718-726
Hvitman‐Graflund, K., Sparks, T., & Varjonen, K. (2023). A retrospective study of treatment, outcome, recurrence and concurrent diseases in 190 dogs with anal sacculitis. Veterinary Dermatology, 34(6), 576-585.