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Sebaceous Adenitis (Inflammation of the Sebaceous Glands) in Dogs

Occurrence: common
Location of disease: Skin/Fur

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 17.02.2026

When to visit the vet?

Non-urgent see a veterinarian within 2–3 days

If the condition worsens / symptoms persist, consult a veterinarian.

Definition

Sebaceous adenitis is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands in dogs that leads to a disruption of sebumsebum is the oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands. It helps keep the skin and hair supple and provides some protection against bacteria and fungi. production and is often associated with hair loss and skin problems.

The most important facts at a glance

Sebaceous adenitis is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands in dogs, commonly occurring in breeds such as Poodles, Akitas, and Samoyeds. The exact cause is unclear, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease in which the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. attacks the sebaceous glands. This leads to dry, scaly skin and increases the risk of secondary infections. Symptoms include Hair breakage, hairless areas, unpleasant skin odor, and Itching. DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is usually made by skin biopsyA biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the body to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Biopsies can help diagnose cancer and other conditions., which confirms the inflammation of the sebaceous glands.

Treatment approaches include the use of glucocorticoidsGlucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex that play an important role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response. They are also used therapeutically as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. and immunomodulating medications such as cyclosporine to control inflammation. TopicalTopical refers to the direct application of medications or treatments to the skin or mucous membranes for a local effect, without being absorbed into the body. treatments and antibiotics may also be required. Although the disease is chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time., early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and consistent therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. can help improve the quality of life for affected dogs. Regular veterinary examinations and good coat care are important for managing symptoms. PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. measures are difficult because genetic factors play a role, but a healthy lifestyle can help support the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body..

Current research focuses on genetic predispositions and new treatment methods, including the use of stem cell therapies and omega-3 fatty acids. These approaches show promising results and could lead to personalized treatment strategies in the future, improving the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. for affected dogs.

Causes

The sebaceous glands of the skin are responsible for producing sebumsebum is the oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands. It helps keep the skin and hair supple and provides some protection against bacteria and fungi., an oily secretion that moisturizes and protects the skin and hair. The exact cause is unclear, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease in which the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. attacks the sebaceous glands. The exact cause of sebaceous adenitis is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease in which the dog’s immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. attacks the sebaceous glands.

Certain dog breeds such as Poodles, Akitas, and Samoyeds are frequently affected, indicating a genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases.. This genetic susceptibility plays a central role in the development of the disease, as it increases the likelihood of an immune responseAn immune response is the immune system's reaction to foreign substances (antigens), such as microorganisms or proteins. It involves a series of processes aimed at recognizing, fighting, and eliminating these antigens.. Scientists suspect that environmental factors may also play a role, although this still needs to be researched more thoroughly.

The inflammation leads to the destructionDestruction means "demolition." In medicine, it refers to the destruction of cells, tissues, organs, or body parts. The growth of malignant Tumors is also usually accompanied by destruction of the surrounding tissue. of the sebaceous glands, which makes the skin dry and scaly and often results in secondary bacterial infections. Without the protective sebumsebum is the oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands. It helps keep the skin and hair supple and provides some protection against bacteria and fungi., the skin can no longer maintain its natural barrier function, making it more susceptible to damage and infections.

Another possible factor that can contribute to the development of sebaceous adenitis is a hormonal imbalanceImbalance refers to an imbalance or disruption of normal function or composition in the body, which can lead to health problems.. Hormones play an important role in regulating sebumsebum is the oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands. It helps keep the skin and hair supple and provides some protection against bacteria and fungi. production, and changes in hormoneHormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream to affect specific cells or organs in the body. They regulate numerous bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. levels could intensify inflammatory reactions in the skin.

Symptoms

Very common symptoms:

Common symptoms:

The symptoms of sebaceous adenitis vary depending on the severity of the disease and the breed affected. A common sign is Hair loss, which often occurs symmetrically. In long-haired breeds, the coat may become dull and Hair breakage, while in short-haired breeds, hairless patches may appear.

The skin may appear scaly and dry, often accompanied by fine, powdery Scaling resembling dandruff. In some cases, the scales are large and sticky, leading to matting of the hair. This Scaling is often most pronounced on the back, flanks, and around the neck.

Another symptom is Itching, which does not occur in all dogs but can be very severe in some. This Itching can lead to Scratching and further Hair loss, worsening skin problems and increasing the risk of secondary infections.

Additionally, the skin may thicken and harden, which can impair the dog’s flexibility and well-being. In some cases, unpleasant odors also develop due to bacterial infections or the accumulation of dead skin cells.

Diagnosis

The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of sebaceous adenitis usually begins with a thorough clinical examination, during which the veterinarian assesses the dog’s symptoms and general condition. A detailed medical historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. is also important to record the course of symptoms and possible predispositions.

An important diagnostic step is the skin biopsyA biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the body to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Biopsies can help diagnose cancer and other conditions., where small skin samples are taken and examined histologically. These samples often show characteristic inflammation and degeneration of the sebaceous glands, which supports the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of sebaceous adenitis. BiopsyA biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the body to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Biopsies can help diagnose cancer and other conditions. is the most accurate way to confirm the disease.

Additionally, blood tests and other laboratory tests may be performed to assess the dog’s overall health and rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms. A differential blood countA differential blood count is a detailed examination of the different types of cells in the blood, including red and white blood cells, as well as platelets. It provides information about the immune system and helps in the diagnosis of various diseases. can indicate systemic inflammation, while other tests can help identify hormonal or metabolicMetabolic refers to metabolism, i.e. the entirety of chemical processes that take place in a living organism to enable life processes. Metabolic disorders can cause a variety of Diseases in Dogs and cats. disorders.

Since sebaceous adenitis is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infections, cultures and sensitivity tests of skin samples may be necessary to determine the appropriate therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. for these infections.

Therapy

The therapy for sebaceous adenitis aims to control inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and treat secondary infections. Since it is a chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. disease, long-term therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. is often required.

GlucocorticoidsGlucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex that play an important role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress response. They are also used therapeutically as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs., such as prednisone, are often used to reduce the inflammatory response. However, these medications can have side effects, especially with long-term use, which is why the dosage must be carefully monitored.

Another effective treatment is cyclosporine and other immunomodulating medications that regulate the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. and reduce inflammation of the sebaceous glands. These medications can be very effective in some dogs but also require careful monitoring and dosage adjustment.

Topical treatments, such as special shampoos and moisturizers, help to hydrate the skin and reduce Scaling. They can also be helpful in relieving Itching and supporting skin healing.

Antibiotics are used as needed to treat secondary bacterial infections, which often occur due to damaged skin and a compromised immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body..

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with sebaceous adenitis varies depending on the severity of the disease and response to therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions.. With early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and consistent therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions., many dogs can achieve a good quality of life and effectively control their symptoms.

In some cases, however, the disease can progress and lead to permanent skin damage, especially if not recognized or treated in time. ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. cases can be difficult to manage and often require lifelong treatment and care.

Collaboration between the veterinarian and dog owner is crucial to developing an individualized treatment plan tailored to the dog’s needs. Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor the course of the disease and adjust the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions..

Prevention

Since the exact cause of sebaceous adenitis is not yet fully understood, there are no specific preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. measures for the disease. The genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases. of some breeds makes complete preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. difficult.

However, regular veterinary examinations and early detection of symptoms can help to diagnose and treat the disease at an early stage before it progresses.

A balanced diet and good coat care can help support overall skin health and reduce the risk of secondary infections. Dog owners should also pay attention to changes in their pet’s behavior or appearance and consult a veterinarian promptly if skin problems are suspected.

Avoiding excessive stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and supporting the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. through a healthy lifestyle can also be helpful in reducing the risk of autoimmune reactions. This could be achieved through regular exercise, a stress-free environment, and, if necessary, the use of supplements to support the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body..

Outlook on current research

Sebaceous adenitis is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands that is relatively rare in dogs. The exact mechanism leading to the development of this disease is not yet fully understood. Researchers suspect it is an autoimmune disease in which the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. attacks and destroys the sebaceous glands. This hypothesis is supported by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates, consisting of T-cells and macrophages, in the affected areas. The loss of sebaceous glands leads to impaired skin barrier function, which explains the disease’s symptoms such as Scaling and Hair loss.

An important part of current research focuses on the genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases. for sebaceous adenitis in certain dog breeds. Some breeds, such as the Poodle, Akita, and Vizsla, show a higher incidenceIncidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or condition that occur within a specific time period in a specific population group. It provides information about the risk of contracting the disease. of this disease, indicating that genetic factors may play a role. Researchers are currently investigating various genetic markers to identify specific genes associated with an increased risk of sebaceous adenitis. This research could help develop breeding programs in the future that minimize the risk for offspring.

Another area of research is the development and evaluation of new therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. methods. Traditional treatments include the use of immunosuppressants like cyclosporine, which can help dampen the immune responseAn immune response is the immune system's reaction to foreign substances (antigens), such as microorganisms or proteins. It involves a series of processes aimed at recognizing, fighting, and eliminating these antigens. and alleviate symptoms. However, newer studies are investigating alternative approaches such as the topicalTopical refers to the direct application of medications or treatments to the skin or mucous membranes for a local effect, without being absorbed into the body. application of sebumsebum is the oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands. It helps keep the skin and hair supple and provides some protection against bacteria and fungi. substitutes, which can restore skin barrier function, or the use of omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. InitialInitial means beginning or at the start. In medicine, it can refer to the first symptoms of a disease or the first phase of a treatment process. results show that these approaches have the potential to improve symptoms and enhance the quality of life for affected dogs.

Another interesting approach is the use of stem cell therapies. Some research teams have begun to investigate the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells to promote the regeneration of sebaceous glands and reduce the inflammatory reaction. These treatments are still in the early stages of research but show promising results in animal models.

In the long term, research aims to develop more comprehensive and personalized treatment strategies tailored to the individual genetic and immunological profile of the dog. This could lead to a significant improvement in the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. and quality of life for dogs with sebaceous adenitis.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What are the most common symptoms of sebaceous adenitis in dogs?

The most common symptoms are Hair loss, Scaling, skin thickening, and an unpleasant skin odor. These symptoms often appear symmetrically and usually begin on the dog's head or back. -

Which breeds are most commonly affected by sebaceous adenitis?

Breeds such as Poodles, Akitas, Vizslas, and Samoyeds are more frequently affected. This indicates a genetic predisposition that plays a role in the development of the disease. -

How is sebaceous adenitis diagnosed?

The diagnosis is usually confirmed by a skin biopsy. A small piece of skin is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of inflammatory cells and the absence of sebaceous glands. -

Can sebaceous adenitis be cured?

Currently, there is no cure for sebaceous adenitis, but symptoms can be effectively managed. With the right therapy, many dogs can lead a comfortable life. -

What treatment options are available?

Therapy often includes the use of immunosuppressants, topical sebum substitutes, special shampoos, and omega-3 fatty acids. The choice of therapy depends on the severity of the symptoms. -

Can sebaceous adenitis lead to other health problems?

Yes, untreated sebaceous adenitis can lead to secondary bacterial infections that can further damage the skin. Therefore, early diagnosis and therapy are important. -

Is sebaceous adenitis contagious to other dogs?

No, sebaceous adenitis is not contagious. It is an inflammatory disease not caused by parasites, bacteria, or viruses. -

How often do affected dogs need to be examined by a veterinarian?

Dogs with sebaceous adenitis should be regularly examined by a veterinarian to monitor the progression of the disease and adjust therapy as needed. The frequency depends on the individual case. -

Can environmental factors influence sebaceous adenitis?

While the exact cause is unknown, environmental factors such as stress or inadequate nutrition could worsen symptoms. A balanced diet and a stress-free environment can be helpful. -

Are there special care products for dogs with sebaceous adenitis?

Yes, there are special shampoos and conditioners that can help alleviate symptoms. These products are often moisturizing and gentle on the skin to support its natural moisture content.