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Salmonella Infection (Bacterial Infection with Salmonella) in Dogs

Occurrence: common
Location of illness: Abdomen/pelvis, General/Whole body

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 06.11.2025

A Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella. This infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. can lead to gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. issues in dogs and, in severe cases, affect other organ systems.

The most important facts at a glance

Salmonella are bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. that occur worldwide and can infect both animals and humans. In dogs, the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is usually triggered by eating contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. food or water. Young, old, and immunocompromised animals are particularly at risk. The symptoms of a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs include fever, diarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., vomiting, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse. and other complications can occur. DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is made through clinical examination and laboratory diagnostic tests such as stool samples and blood tests. Treatment depends on the severity and can range from symptomatic therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. to antibiotic treatment. Timely diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment are crucial for the dog’s recovery.

The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. varies depending on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., but many dogs recover completely if treated early. PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. includes good hygiene, avoiding raw meat, and regular veterinary check-ups. Research is being conducted to better understand the transmission routes and develop possible vaccines. The role of antibiotics and alternative therapies is also being investigated to improve treatment and avoid antibiotic resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins.. Environmental monitoring also plays an important role in controlling the spread of Salmonella.

Causes

Salmonella is a group of bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. that is widespread worldwide and can affect both animals and humans. There are many different serotypes of Salmonella that can cause different clinical pictures. Most infections in dogs are caused by Salmonella enterica.

The bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. are usually transmitted via the oralOral means "through the mouth" and refers to the intake of food, medication, or other substances through the mouth. In veterinary medicine, many treatments are administered orally. route, mostly through the consumption of contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. food or water. Dogs can also become infected through direct contact with infected animals or their excrement. Young, old, or immunocompromised animals are particularly at risk.

Extensive studies have shown that Salmonella is able to adapt to environmental conditions and survive in various hosts. This makes it difficult to completely eradicate the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. The bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. can survive in the dog’s digestive tract and cause enteritisEnteritis is an inflammation of the small intestine that can be caused by various factors, including infections (viral or bacterial), autoimmune diseases, or exposure to radiation. Symptoms include Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, and Seizures., an inflammation of the small and large intestines.

Symptoms

Very common symptoms:

Common symptoms:

Rare symptoms:

The symptoms of a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs can vary greatly and depend on the severity of the infection. In mild cases, the dogs may be asymptomaticAsymptomatic means that there are no recognizable symptoms of a disease. An animal can have a disease or infection without showing visible signs, which can make diagnosis and treatment more difficult. or only show mild diarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems.. In more severe cases, symptoms such as fever, vomiting, abdominalThe term “abdominal” refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. pain, and bloody diarrhea occur.

Some dogs also show signs of lethargy, loss of appetite, and dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.. In very severe cases, the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. can lead to septicemiaSepticemia, often used synonymously with sepsis, is the presence of bacterial pathogens in the blood that trigger a systemic inflammatory response. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment., a life-threatening condition in which the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. enter the bloodstream and infect the entire body. This can lead to organ failure and death if not treated in time.

Diagnosis

The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs is usually made through a combination of clinical examination and laboratory diagnostic tests. The veterinarian will first assess the dog’s symptoms and take a thorough historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. to identify possible sources of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

To confirm the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients., stool samples are usually taken from the dog and tested in the laboratory for the presence of Salmonella. This can be done by bacterial culture or molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which detects specific DNADNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is located in the cells of an organism and contains the information for heredity. sequences of the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease..

In some cases, blood tests may also be necessary to determine the extent of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. Early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is crucial to treat the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. effectively and avoid complications.

Therapy

The treatment of a Salmonella infection in dogs depends on the severity of the disease. In mild cases, it may be sufficient to treat the dog symptomatically by providing sufficient fluids and an easily digestible diet to compensate for fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.) and electrolyte loss.

In more severe cases, antibiotic therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. may be necessary to kill the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. and control the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. The selectionSelection refers to the process of natural or artificial selection of specific individuals for reproduction, based on desired genetic traits. In breeding, this is applied to promote specific characteristics in dogs and cats. of antibiotics is usually based on an antibiogram, which tests the sensitivity of the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. to various antibiotics.

In addition, it may be necessary to treat the dog as an inpatient in the hospital, especially if it is severely dehydrated or shows signs of septicemiaSepticemia, often used synonymously with sepsis, is the presence of bacterial pathogens in the blood that trigger a systemic inflammatory response. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.. In such cases, the dog is intensively medically monitored and receives intravenous fluids and medication to support its recovery.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. depends on several factors, including the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., the general health of the dog, and the speed of treatment. In most cases, dogs with a mild infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. recover completely, especially if they are treated in time.

However, in more severe infections, especially if septicemiaSepticemia, often used synonymously with sepsis, is the presence of bacterial pathogens in the blood that trigger a systemic inflammatory response. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. is present, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. may be more guarded. Rapid and appropriate treatment is crucial to minimize the risk of complications and increase the chances of survival.

Long-term complications are rare but can occur, especially if the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is not treated effectively. These include chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. inflammation and other health problems that may require ongoing medical care.

Prevention

The preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs includes several approaches. One of the most important measures is to ensure good hygiene, especially when feeding and cleaning the dog’s environment. Raw meat and other potentially contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. foods should be avoided or properly prepared to reduce the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

Regular veterinary check-ups can help monitor the dog’s general health and identify potential sources of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. early. Dog owners should also ensure that their dogs do not have contact with potentially infected animals or their excrement.

In addition, it is important to strengthen the dog’s immunity through a balanced diet, sufficient exercise, and regular vaccinations. While there is no specific vaccinationVaccination is the process of administering a vaccine to develop immunity against a specific infectious disease. It is one of the most effective methods of prevention of infectious diseases. against Salmonella for dogs, strong general immunityImmunity is the body's ability to protect itself against infections, diseases, or foreign substances. It can be natural, as with innate immunity, or acquired, as with adaptive immunity, which develops after an infection or vaccination. can help reduce the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

Outlook on current research

Research on Salmonella infections in dogs is continuously being developed to improve both the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. and treatment of this disease. One of the main directions of current research is the investigation of the transmission routes of Salmonella. Scientists are focusing on understanding the role of raw food diets in the transmission of Salmonella. Dogs fed raw meat have an increased risk of becoming infected with Salmonella and transmitting these bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. to humans and other animals. These studies are crucial to developing guidelines for feeding pets that protect the health of animals and their owners.

Another important area of research is the development of vaccines against Salmonella infections in dogs. Although there is currently no specific vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. for dogs, researchers are working to develop effective vaccinationVaccination is the process of administering a vaccine to develop immunity against a specific infectious disease. It is one of the most effective methods of prevention of infectious diseases. strategies that improve the animals’ immune responseAn immune response is the immune system's reaction to foreign substances (antigens), such as microorganisms or proteins. It involves a series of processes aimed at recognizing, fighting, and eliminating these antigens. and reduce the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. This research builds on advances in the development of vaccines for humans and other animals and could lead to effective protectionProtection refers to safeguarding against diseases or harm. In veterinary medicine, this can include protecting animals through vaccinations, the use of parasite control products, or providing a safe environment. for dogs in the future.

In addition, the role of antibiotics in the treatment of Salmonella infections in dogs is being investigated. Increasing antibiotic resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins. is a global problem that also affects veterinary medicine. Researchers are analyzing alternative therapeutic approaches, including probiotic treatments, to reduce the bacterial load and strengthen the dog’s natural defenses. These approaches could help reduce dependence on antibiotics and improve the health of dogs in the long term.

Another aspect of research deals with the genetic factors that could make dogs more susceptible to Salmonella infections. Scientists are investigating whether certain breeds or genetic lines have a higher risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. These findings could help develop breeding programs that increase resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins. to Salmonella and could also provide individual recommendations for dog food and care.

Finally, environmental monitoring is also being intensified as a field of research. Researchers are investigating how Salmonella survives and spreads in the environment. This includes analyzing water sources, soils, and other environmental factors that can contribute to the spread of Salmonella. These studies are important to develop measures to reduce environmental pollution from Salmonella and to ensure the safety of food and water for dogs and humans.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What are the symptoms of a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs?
The symptoms of a Salmonella infection in dogs can vary but often include diarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and lethargy. In severe cases, dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse. and blood in the stool may occur. If you notice these symptoms in your dog, you should see a veterinarian.
How is a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. diagnosed in dogs?
The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is usually made through a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. A veterinarian may take a stool sample to confirm the presence of Salmonella bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease.. Blood tests may also be performed to assess the dog’s general health.
Can humans be infected by dogs with Salmonella?
Yes, Salmonella are zoonotic bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., which means they can be transmitted from animals to humans. This usually happens through direct contact with infected feces or through contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. surfaces. It is important to practice good hygiene measures to minimize the risk of transmission.
How is a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. treated in dogs?
Treatment depends on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Milder cases may recover without specific treatment, while more severe cases may require fluid therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. for rehydration as well as supportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. care. Antibiotics are only used in severe cases or in immunocompromised dogs to avoid the development of resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins..
How can I prevent my dog from getting a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.?
To reduce the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., you should minimize your dog’s contact with potentially contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. sources such as raw meat, spoiled food, and excrement. Ensure good hygiene by cleaning the food bowls regularly and providing fresh, clean water. Also, monitor your dog’s environment for possible sources of contaminationContamination refers to the pollution of surfaces, objects, water, food, or air with harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other hazardous substances..
Are there breeds that are more susceptible to Salmonella infections?
While all dog breeds can be susceptible to Salmonella infections, there is no specific scientific evidence that certain breeds are at higher risk. However, dogs with weakened immune systems or those living in poor hygienic conditions may be more susceptible.
Can Salmonella infections become chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. in dogs?
Yes, in some cases, Salmonella infections can become chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time., especially if they are not treated properly. ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. infections can lead to persistentPersistent means lasting or continuing for an extended period. In veterinary medicine, it can refer to chronic diseases or symptoms that do not subside. digestive problems and long-term weakening of the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body.. Timely diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment are crucial to avoid chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. courses.
What should I do if I suspect my dog has a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.?
If you suspect that your dog has a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., you should see a veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and appropriate treatment can reduce the risk of complications and shorten your dog’s recovery time.
How long does it take for a dog to recover from a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.?
The recovery time can vary depending on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and the dog’s general health. In mild cases, the dog may recover within a few days, while more severe infections may take several weeks. Following veterinary instructions is important to ensure a full recovery.
Should I disinfect my house if my dog has a Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.?
Yes, it is advisable to thoroughly clean and disinfect surfaces that your dog has come into contact with to prevent the spread of the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease.. Special attention should be paid to areas where your dog eats and sleeps. Use appropriate disinfectants and follow the instructions for safe use.

You can find an interesting overview of gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. problems in dogs, supplemented with information on the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. microbiome and the importance of probiotics, here: https://petsvetcheck.de/fachbeitrag/magen-darm-probleme-beim-hund/