Home » Diseases » In dogs » Acid Reflux (Acid Backflow from Stomach Contents into the Esophagus, Belching)

Acid Reflux (Acid Backflow from Stomach Contents into the Esophagus, Belching) in Dogs

Occurrence: common
Location of illness: Abdomen/pelvis

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 06.11.2025

Acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs, also known as gastroesophagealGastroesophageal refers to the stomach (gastro-) and the esophagus. The term is often used in connection with gastroesophageal reflux, in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and Inflammatory conditions. refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. disease (GERD), is a condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. This often leads to discomfort, inflammatory conditions, and potential damage to the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis)..

The most important facts at a glance

Acid reflux in dogs occurs when the lower esophageal sphincterThe esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the top and bottom of the esophagus that controls the passage / transit of food and liquid into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus., a ring of muscle at the end of the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis)., does not close properly and stomach acid flows back into the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. This can be caused by a weakness of the muscle, excessive stomach acid production, overweight, or a hiatal hernia. Symptoms include regurgitationRegurgitation is the reflux of food or liquid from the stomach into the mouth without Vomiting or strong abdominal muscle contractions. It may be a sign of diseases of the esophagus or other gastrointestinal problems. of undigested food, pain, and loss of appetite. DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is often difficult because the symptoms are non-specific. Veterinarians often perform an endoscopyEndoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a light source and a camera at the end) to examine and visualize the inside of the body, often for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. to detect inflammatory conditions.

Treatment includes dietary adjustments such as smaller, more frequent meals and medications to reduce stomach acid production. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is usually good if treated early. However, long-term complications such as scar tissue formation can occur if the condition is left untreated. Preventive measures such as a balanced diet, stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. management, and avoiding high-fat foods can help reduce the risk.

Research focuses on the genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases. of certain breeds and the role of nutrition. The long-term safety of medications is also being investigated to find alternative therapies. Advances in diagnostic technology could enable more precise detection methods. StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. reduction and a stress-free environment are also important aspects of a holistic treatment plan.

Causes

The esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis). is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. At the lower end of the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis). is a ring of muscle, the lower esophageal sphincterThe esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the top and bottom of the esophagus that controls the passage / transit of food and liquid into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus., which normally closes to prevent stomach acid and other stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. If this sphincter does not function properly, acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. can occur.

In dogs, acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. can be caused by several factors. One of the main factors is a weakness of the lower esophageal sphincterThe esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the top and bottom of the esophagus that controls the passage / transit of food and liquid into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.. This can be caused by congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. abnormalities or by a temporary relaxation of the muscle, often after eating.

Other causes may include excessive production of stomach acid, stomach overload, overweight or a hiatal hernia. Some medications, especially those that cause muscle relaxation, can also increase the risk. In addition, stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and certain foods can worsen symptoms.

Symptoms

Very common symptoms:

Common symptoms:

The symptoms of acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs can vary and are often subtle. Frequently, affected dogs show signs of discomfort, especially after eating. This may be indicated by frequent swallowing, cough, or gagging.

Other symptoms include vomiting or regurgitationRegurgitation is the reflux of food or liquid from the stomach into the mouth without Vomiting or strong abdominal muscle contractions. It may be a sign of diseases of the esophagus or other gastrointestinal problems., in which undigested food or stomach contents return to the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis). and mouth. Dogs may also show signs of loss of appetite, weight loss, and general malaise. In severe cases, inflammatory conditions and ulcers can occur in the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis)., leading to pain and difficulty swallowing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs can be challenging because the symptoms are often non-specific and similar to other conditions. A detailed discussion with the veterinarian about the dog’s medical historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. and the observed symptoms is the first step in making a diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients..

The veterinarian may perform a physical examination and order further diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. An endoscopyEndoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a light source and a camera at the end) to examine and visualize the inside of the body, often for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes., in which a small camera is inserted into the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis)., can help visualize inflammatory conditions or damage to the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. Other tests may include X-rays or a pH measurement of the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis). to determine the acidity.

Therapy

The treatment of acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs aims to relieve symptoms and prevent further damage to the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. A dietary change is often the first step. Smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincterThe esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the top and bottom of the esophagus that controls the passage / transit of food and liquid into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus..

Medications that reduce stomach acid production, such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists, may also be prescribed. Prokinetic drugs, which speed up gastric emptying, can help prevent the backflow of stomach contents.

In severe cases where the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis). is severely damaged, surgical intervention may be necessary to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincterThe esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the top and bottom of the esophagus that controls the passage / transit of food and liquid into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus. or correct a hiatal hernia.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. is generally good if the condition is recognized and treated early. With appropriate treatment and dietary adjustments, most dogs can live a normal, symptom-free life.

However, long-term complications can occur if the condition is not treated appropriately. ChronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. inflammatory conditions of the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis). can lead to scar tissue formation and stricturesStrictures are pathological narrowings of tubes or ducts in the body that impede the normal flow of fluids or other substances. In dogs and cats, strictures can occur in the urethra, esophagus, or bile ducts and require medical treatment. that can impair the dog’s quality of life. Regular veterinary check-ups are important to monitor the dog’s condition and make adjustments to the treatment.

Prevention

Preventive measures can help reduce the risk of acid reflux in dogs. A balanced diet and avoiding overfeeding are crucial. It is important not to encourage the dog to engage in physical activity immediately after feeding to minimize pressure on the lower esophageal sphincterThe esophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the top and bottom of the esophagus that controls the passage / transit of food and liquid into the stomach and prevents stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus..

Weight management is also important, as overweight can increase pressure on the stomach and increase the risk of refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.. Regular veterinary examinations can help detect and treat problems early.

It is also advisable to avoid potentially irritating foods, such as fatty or heavily spiced foods. StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. management and a calm environment during feeding can also be helpful in preventing symptoms.

For more information on the treatment and preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs, you can access resources such as Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine or Merck Veterinary Manual.

Outlook on current research

Acid reflux in dogs, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition in which stomach acid or partially digested stomach contents flow back into the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. This can lead to inflammatory conditions and discomfort. Current research focuses on a better understanding of the causes, more effective diagnostic methods, and innovative treatment approaches. The genetic predispositions of certain dog breeds are particularly in focus, as some breeds such as the Bulldog or Pug are more susceptible to this condition. Researchers are investigating whether genetic markers can be identified to detect susceptible dogs early and take preventive measures.

Another area of research concerns the role of nutrition in acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.. Various studies show that certain dietary changes can bring about significant improvements. Research is being conducted into which specific nutrient compositions or feeding times can reduce refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.. Avoiding high-fat foods and introducing smaller, more frequent meals appear to have positive effects. In addition, the effect of probiotics and their ability to improve digestive health and intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. flora is being intensively investigated.

Another area of research is the long-term effects of medications used to treat acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.. While proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists are commonly prescribed, there are concerns about their long-term safety and potential side effects. Researchers are working to develop alternative medications or therapies that are less invasiveInvasive describes medical procedures or pathogens that enter the body or penetrate tissue. In medicine, invasive procedures can range from minimally invasive techniques to open surgery. and have fewer side effects. The use of herbal remedies and traditional herbal therapies is also being investigated to assess their potential to reduce refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. symptoms.

A promising area is the development of diagnostic technologies that enable early and precise detection of acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.. Traditionally, the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is made through clinical observations and occasionally through endoscopyEndoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a light source and a camera at the end) to examine and visualize the inside of the body, often for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.. New technologies such as non-invasive imaging techniques and molecular biomarkers could enable more accurate and faster diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. in the future. These advances could not only contribute to better treatment of dogs, but also serve as a model for the treatment of the disease in humans.

Finally, the role of stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and other environmental factors in the development and exacerbation of acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs is also being explored. Similar to humans, stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. can worsen the symptoms of GERD in dogs. Behavioral science approaches that aim to reduce stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and improve the dog’s overall well-being are being investigated as part of a holistic treatment plan. The integration of environmental changes and the creation of a stress-free environment could bring about significant improvements in affected dogs.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs? Acid reflux in dogs is a condition in which stomach acid or partially digested stomach contents flow back into the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis)., which can lead to inflammatory conditions and discomfort.
What symptoms does a dog with acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. show? The most common symptoms include vomiting, excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, loss of appetite, weight loss, and occasionally cough or gagging.
How is acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. diagnosed in dogs? The diagnosis is usually made through clinical observations and can sometimes be confirmed by an endoscopy or X-rayX-ray is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to create images of the inside of the body. It is often used to diagnose bone fractures, lung diseases, and other conditions. examination. In some cases, blood tests and ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. examinations may be performed.
What treatments are there for acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs? Treatment may include medications such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists. Dietary changes and avoiding high-fat foods are also important.
Can home remedies help with acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs? Some home remedies, such as feeding smaller, more frequent meals or raising the food bowl, can help relieve symptoms. However, consulting a veterinarian is always advisable.
Which dog breeds are more susceptible to acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.? Some breeds such as bulldogs, pugs, and other brachycephalic breeds are more susceptible due to their anatomical structure. Dogs with obesityObesity is the medical term for severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. It is often defined by a body condition score that is above the ideal range. are also at higher risk.
Can stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. worsen acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. in dogs? Yes, stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. can worsen the symptoms of acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.. A stress-free environment and behavioral modifications can be part of the treatment plan.
What role does nutrition play in acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.? An adapted diet can bring about significant improvements. Avoiding high-fat foods and feeding smaller, more frequent meals are recommended measures.
Are medications for acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. safe for dogs? Medications such as proton pump inhibitors are generally safe, but long-term use can have side effects. Veterinary monitoring is important to ensure the correct dosage and duration of treatment.
Can dogs suffer long-term damage from acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort.? If left untreated, acid refluxReflux is the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can lead to irritation and inflammatory conditions. In dogs and cats, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can lead to symptoms such as drooling, difficulty swallowing, and discomfort. can lead to chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. inflammatory conditions and damage to the esophagusThe esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It transports food from the mouth to the stomach through rhythmic contractions (peristalsis).. Early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment are crucial to avoid long-term complications.