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Pyoderma (Pus-forming Inflammation of the Skin) in Dogs

Occurrence: common
Location of illness: General/Whole body

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 06.11.2025

Pyoderma is a bacterial skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs characterized by the accumulation of pus in the skin layers, leading to redness, swelling, and itching.

The most important facts at a glance

Pyoderma, a pus-forming Inflammation of the skin in dogs, is often caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. are normally harmless but can triggerA trigger is a stimulus that elicits a specific reaction or state. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to emotional responses, such as fear or aggression, or medical conditions, such as seizures in dogs and cats. infections under certain conditions. The condition can occur primarily or secondarily, with the secondary form being more common and favored by factors such as allergies, hormonal disorders, parasites, or skin injuries. Symptoms include redness, Crusts, Hair loss, Itching, and in severe cases, lethargy. DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is made by clinical examination and tests such as skin swabs or biopsies to identify the pathogenA pathogen is a microorganism or virus that can cause disease in its host. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. and determine the appropriate treatment.

Treatment typically consists of antibiotics, supplemented by local measures such as antiseptic shampoos. Treating the underlying causes is crucial to prevent relapses. The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is usually good, provided the pyoderma is recognized and treated early. PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. includes regular coat care, parasiteA parasite is an organism that lives on or in another living being (the host) and feeds at its expense. Parasites can cause a variety of diseases in animals and humans. control, and a balanced diet. Research focuses on better treatment methods, the role of the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body., and the development of possible vaccines. The importance of the skin barrier and the microbiome is also being intensively investigated to reduce the risk of infections.

Causes

A dog’s skin consists of several layers that provide a physical barrier against environmental influences. This barrier is supported by the skin’s microbiome, which consists of a variety of microorganisms living in a healthy balance. Disruptions to this balance or damage to the skin barrier can lead to infections.

Bacterial skin infections in dogs are often caused by bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. of the genus Staphylococcus. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common pathogenA pathogen is a microorganism or virus that can cause disease in its host. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. in dogs. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. are normally harmless commensals that live on the skin, but under certain conditions, they can become pathogenic.

The causes of pyoderma are varied. It can occur primarily or secondarily. PrimaryPrimary refers to the first or original cause of a disease or condition, as opposed to secondary causes or symptoms that develop from it. pyoderma is rare and occurs when the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. directly infect the skin. Secondary pyoderma is much more common and results from pre-existing skin damage or a compromised immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. in the dog, allowing the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. to multiply and cause an infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

Factors that can lead to secondary pyoderma include allergies, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, parasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections (e.g., fleas or mites), and skin injuries. Excessive moisture, such as that caused by frequent swimming or bathing, can also promote the development of pyoderma.

Symptoms

Common symptoms:

Rare symptoms:

Lethargy

The symptoms of pyoderma can vary depending on the severity and the affected skin layers. The most common symptoms include redness and Swelling of the skin, often accompanied by severe Itching. Affected dogs often Scratch, which can further damage the skin and worsen the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

In many cases, Pustules or papules form on the skin, filled with pus. These can burst and leave behind Crusts or scales. In deep pyoderma, deeper skin layers are also affected, which can lead to painful nodules or Abscesses.

Another symptom can be an unpleasant odor emanating from the affected skin area. Depending on the location of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., Hair loss and skin thickening may also occur.

Diagnosis

The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of pyoderma usually begins with a thorough clinical examination by the veterinarian. The dog’s skin is examined for characteristic signs of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. A detailed historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. helps to identify possible underlying causes.

Additional tests may be required to confirm the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. A swab or skin scraping can be taken to look for bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., yeast, or parasites under the microscope. A bacterial culture can be performed to identify the exact pathogenA pathogen is a microorganism or virus that can cause disease in its host. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. and test its sensitivity to antibiotics, which is especially important to ensure effective treatment.

In some cases, a biopsyA biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the body to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Biopsies can help diagnose cancer and other conditions. of the skin may be necessary, especially if the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is deep or does not respond to standard treatment. Blood tests can also be performed to identify possible systemic diseases or hormonal disorders that may be contributing to the pyoderma.

Therapy

The treatment of pyoderma depends on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and the underlying causes. In most cases, systemic antibiotic therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. is used, which is selected based on the results of a bacterial culture to ensure that the antibiotics used are effective.

In addition to systemic therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions., local treatment may be necessary. This may include the use of antiseptic shampoos or solutions to help reduce the bacterial load on the skin. In some cases, topicalTopical refers to the direct application of medications or treatments to the skin or mucous membranes for a local effect, without being absorbed into the body. antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications may also be prescribed in the form of creams or sprays.

If an underlying condition is identified, such as an allergyAn allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a normally harmless substance, the allergen. The reaction can include symptoms such as skin rash, itching, sneezing, respiratory distress, or in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. or a hormonal disorder, it must also be treated to prevent recurrence of the pyoderma. Treatment of allergies may include avoiding allergens, using antihistaminesAntihistamines are medications that block the effects of histamine in the body, thereby alleviating allergic reactions. They are used in dogs and cats to treat Itching, Skin inflammation, and other allergy symptoms., or undergoing immunotherapy.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with pyoderma is generally good if the condition is recognized and treated early. Complete and consistent treatment is crucial to eliminate the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and prevent relapses.

In deep or chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. cases, treatment may take longer and may require more intensive care. In such cases, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. may vary, depending on the ability to control the underlying causes and completely eliminate the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

Dogs suffering from recurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. pyoderma should be regularly monitored by a veterinarian to allow for early intervention if the disease recurs.

Prevention

The preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of pyoderma requires a holistic approach aimed at minimizing risk factors. Good skin care and regular coat care are essential measures to support the skin’s natural barrier function. Regular bathing with a suitable dog shampoo can help remove excess sebumsebum is the oily substance produced by the skin's sebaceous glands. It helps keep the skin and hair supple and provides some protection against bacteria and fungi. and dirt, but should not be done too frequently to avoid irritating the skin.

Controlling parasites such as fleas and mites is also important, as they often cause skin irritation that can lead to secondary infections. Regular use of antiparasitic agents, as recommended by the veterinarian, is therefore advisable.

For dogs with known allergies or skin diseases, a management plan should be developed with the veterinarian to minimize outbreaks. This may include dietary adjustments, avoidance of known allergens, and in some cases, the use of medications to reduce Inflammatory conditions and Itching.

Regular checking and care of the ears, paws, and other sensitive areas of the body can also help reduce the risk of infections. A healthy diet and a strong immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. play an important role in the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of pyoderma, which is why a balanced diet and regular veterinary check-ups are recommended.

Outlook on current research

Pyoderma in dogs is a growing field of research as veterinarians and scientists strive to develop better treatment methods and better understand the underlying causes. Current studies focus on identifying the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. most commonly associated with this condition, particularly staphylococci, which are considered the main culprits. Research also examines the resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins. mechanisms of these bacteria to common antibiotics to improve the effectiveness of treatments and prevent the spread of multi-resistant strains.

Another focus of research is the role of the dog’s immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. in the development of pyoderma. Scientists are investigating how genetic factors can influence a dog’s susceptibility to skin infections, and progress is being made in identifying genetic markers that may indicate an increased risk. This research could lead to more targeted preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. strategies in the future.

In addition, the importance of the skin barrier as the first line of defense against infections is being intensively researched. There is evidence that dogs with a damaged skin barrier may be more susceptible to pyoderma, which is why restoring and protecting the skin barrier is becoming a central theme in treatment. Researchers are working on developing new topicalTopical refers to the direct application of medications or treatments to the skin or mucous membranes for a local effect, without being absorbed into the body. treatments that strengthen the skin’s barrier function while also having antimicrobialAn antimicrobial substance is an agent that serves to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, or to kill them. Antimicrobials are frequently used to treat infections. properties.

Regarding the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of pyoderma, efforts are being made to refine molecular techniques to identify specific pathogens more quickly and accurately. Such advances could lead to faster diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and more targeted therapies, improving the chances of recovery and shortening the duration of treatment.

In the long term, research into pyoderma could also benefit from the development of new vaccines. While no specific vaccines are currently available for this type of skin infections, there are theoretical approaches that consider the development of vaccines against common pathogens. Such vaccines could be particularly beneficial for dogs living in communal housing or prone to recurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. infections.

Finally, there are also approaches that address the role of nutrition and the skin’s microbiome in preventing pyoderma. A balanced diet that promotes skin health, as well as promoting a healthy skin flora, are being investigated as potential ways to reduce the risk of skin infections.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is Pyoderma in Dogs? Pyoderma is a bacterial skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. often caused by staphylococci. It leads to pus-filled Lesions and can occur in varying degrees of severity, from superficial infections to deep Skin inflammation.
What Symptoms Does a Dog with Pyoderma Exhibit? The most common symptoms include redness, Itching, Pustules formation, Hair loss, and the presence of pus or Crusts on the skin. In more severe cases, Fever and general malaise may also occur.
How is Pyoderma Diagnosed? The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is usually made through a combination of clinical examination and diagnostic tests such as skin swabs, which are used to identify the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. responsible. In some cases, biopsies may also be necessary.
What Treatment Options are Available for Pyoderma? Treatment usually includes antibiotics, which can be administered either topically or systemically. In addition, antiseptic shampoos or solutions are often used to cleanse the skin and promote healing.
Can Dogs with Pyoderma Infect Other Animals or People? Pyoderma is generally not contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. to humans or other animals unless the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is caused by highly contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., which is rare. Nevertheless, it is important to follow hygienic measures to minimize the risk of transmission.
What are the Risk Factors for Developing Pyoderma in Dogs? Risk factors include allergies, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, a weakened immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body., and skin injuries. Certain breeds with wrinkles, such as bulldogs or Shar-Peis, are also more susceptible to this condition.
Can Pyoderma be Prevented in Dogs? PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. can be achieved through proper skin care, regular veterinary check-ups, and treatment of underlying health problems. A balanced diet and avoidance of allergens also contribute to preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring..
How Long Does it Take for a Dog to Recover from Pyoderma? The duration of recovery depends on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Mild cases may subside in a few weeks, while more severe infections may require several months of intensive treatment.
What Happens if Pyoderma is Not Treated? Untreated pyoderma can worsen and lead to more serious infections that affect deeper skin layers or spread throughout the body. This can lead to chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Pain and increased susceptibility to secondary infections.
What Role do Allergies Play in the Development of Pyoderma? Allergies are a common triggerA trigger is a stimulus that elicits a specific reaction or state. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to emotional responses, such as fear or aggression, or medical conditions, such as seizures in dogs and cats. for pyoderma because they lead to Itching and Scratching, which can damage the skin and promote infections. AllergyAn allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a normally harmless substance, the allergen. The reaction can include symptoms such as skin rash, itching, sneezing, respiratory distress, or in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. treatment can help reduce the risk of skin infections.