Salmonellosis (Bacterial Intestinal Infection Caused by Salmonella Species) in cats
- Occurrence: common
- Location of illness: Abdomen/pelvis, General/Whole body
Salmonellosis is a bacterial intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in cats caused by bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. of the genus Salmonella. This infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. can lead to DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., Vomiting, and other gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. problems and is potentially transmissible to humans.
The most important facts at a glance
Salmonellosis in cats is a bacterial intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. caused by Salmonella. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. can infect both animals and humans and are often transmitted through the consumption of contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. meat or water. In cats, raw or undercooked meat, such as poultry, is a particular source of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Contact with infected animals or their excretions can also lead to infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Symptoms of the disease include Fever, weakness, DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., Vomiting, and loss of appetite. In severe cases, DehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse. and shock symptoms may occur.
DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is made through a clinical examination and the detection of Salmonella in a stool sample. If necessary, blood tests are also performed. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms. In mild cases, providing the cat with sufficient fluids is often enough. Severe cases may require supportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. with electrolytesElectrolytes are minerals in the body that carry an electric charge and perform vital functions such as regulating fluid balance, acid-base balance, and nerve and muscle activity. The main electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. and, in some cases, antibiotics. An adjusted diet can support recovery.
The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is good in most cases, especially with early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment. For preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring., cats should not have access to raw meat, and good household hygiene should be maintained. Regular veterinary check-ups and avoiding Contact with wild animals can reduce the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Research is currently investigating new diagnostic methods and the development of a vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. to improve the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. and treatment of the disease.
Causes
Salmonella are gram-negative, facultativeFacultative refers to an optional or non-mandatory characteristic or ability of an organism or cell to adopt certain conditions or lifestyles, such as facultative anaerobic bacteria, which can survive both in the presence and absence of oxygen. anaerobicAnaerobic describes life forms or processes that occur in the absence of oxygen. In veterinary medicine, this often refers to anaerobic bacteria that thrive in low-oxygen environments and can cause infections. bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. There are many different serovars of Salmonella that can infect both humans and animals. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. are primarily known for foodborne infections but can also be transmitted through other routes.
The transmission of Salmonella primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. food or water. In cats, raw or undercooked meat products, especially poultry, can be a source of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Contact with infected animals or their excretions can also lead to transmission.
A particular risk exists in households where cats are fed raw meat or are in close Contact with animals that shed Salmonella. Cats living in environments with poor hygiene or having access to contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. outdoor areas are also at a higher risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..
Symptoms
The clinical symptoms of Salmonellosis in cats can vary. The infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. often manifests as acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. or chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Diarrhea. Stools can be watery or bloody, and increased defecation may occur. Vomiting is another common symptom that can accelerate the cat’s DehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse..
Further symptoms include Fever, loss of appetite, and general weakness. In severe cases, sepsis, a systemic infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. that can be life-threatening, may occur. Young cats, old animals, or those with a weakened immune systemThe immune system is the body’s defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. are particularly at risk.
Since the symptoms of Salmonellosis are non-specific, they can easily be confused with other gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. diseases. An accurate diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is therefore crucial.
Diagnosis
The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of Salmonellosis is usually made through a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests. First, the veterinarian will take a thorough medical history and inquire about the cat’s dietary habits and environment.
To confirm the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients., a stool sample is taken and examined for the presence of Salmonella. Cultural cultivation of the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. in the laboratory allows for the identification of the specific serotype. In some cases, a blood testA blood test is a laboratory procedure in which blood is drawn and analyzed to obtain information about the body's health. It can include various parameters such as blood sugar, blood count, liver and kidney values. may also be performed to detect signs of systemic infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. or DehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse..
It is important to rule out other causes for the symptoms, so additional tests may be required to identify parasites or other bacterial infections.
Therapy
The treatment of salmonellosis in cats depends on the severity of the symptoms. In mild cases, it may be sufficient to observe the cat and ensure it takes in enough fluids to prevent fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.).
In more severe cases, supportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. may be necessary. This includes the administration of electrolyte solutions, either oralOral means "through the mouth" and refers to the intake of food, medication, or other substances through the mouth. In veterinary medicine, many treatments are administered orally. or intravenous, to stabilize the fluid and electrolyte balanceThe electrolyte balance refers to the balance of electrolytes in the body, which is essential for many physiological processes. Disturbances in the electrolyte balance can lead to serious health problems.. In some cases, antibiotic therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. may also be considered, although it is often avoided in uncomplicated infections to prevent the development of resistantResistant means being insensitive to a substance, drug, or treatment. In dogs and cats, resistance can refer to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics against certain bacterial strains or the insensitivity of parasites to certain pesticides. bacterial strains.
The diet should be adjusted to relieve the gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. tract. Easily digestible food or special dietary foods can support recovery. It is also important to identify and eliminate the causes of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. to prevent reinfectionReinfection refers to the recurrence of an infection in an individual who was previously cured of the same disease. This can be caused by the same or a similar pathogen..
Prognosis and follow-up care
The prognosis for cats with Salmonellosis is good in most cases, especially if the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is recognized and treated early. Most cats recover completely if they receive adequate care and no complications arise.
However, in young, old, or immunocompromised animals, the disease can be more severe. In such cases, the risk of sepsisSepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's overwhelming response to an infection, which can lead to damage to its own tissues and organ failure. or other secondary infections is higher, which complicates treatment and worsens the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop..
Early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and appropriate treatment are crucial to ensure the best chances of recovery. With proper care and attention, most cats can overcome the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. without lasting damage.
Prevention
To minimize the risk of Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in cats, it is important to maintain good hygiene. Cat owners should ensure that their cats do not have access to raw meat, especially poultry, as this is a common source of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. It is advisable to obtain cat food from trusted sources and not to feed raw animal products.
Regular cleaning of food and water bowls, as well as the litter box, can also help prevent the spread of Salmonella. Cat owners should wash their hands thoroughly after handling cat litter or excrement to avoid cross-contamination. The Contact between cats and wildlife should be avoided, as wild animals can carry Salmonella.
For households with multipleMultiple means manifold or repeated and is used to describe conditions or events that occur in multiple instances or at different locations. In veterinary medicine, this may indicate multiple lesions, tumors, or other pathological changes. cats, it is advisable to have the animals examined regularly by a veterinarian to detect and treat infections early. Vaccinations, if available, can also play a role in the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring.. Finally, cat owners should be careful when introducing new animals into the household and ensure that they are healthy and do not bring any infections with them.
Outlook on current research
Research into Salmonellosis in cats has gained importance in recent years, as the disease is relevant not only for affected animals but also for humans due to potential zoonoses. Investigating transmission routes plays a crucial role in preventing outbreaks and protecting the health of both pets and humans. Current studies focus on the genetic typing of Salmonella strains found in cats to better understand which specific strains are more common and which factors increase the risk of infection.
A significant advance in research is the development of molecular techniques that allow for quick and precise diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of whether a cat is infected with Salmonella. These techniques not only aid in the treatment of individual cases but also in the monitoring and control of Salmonellosis outbreaks in larger populations. Researchers are working to further refine these diagnostic methods and shorten the time to diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients..
Another area of research is the investigation of environmental factors that favor the occurrence of Salmonellosis in cats. Studies show that certain living conditions, such as living in multi-cat households or access to contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. water and food, can increase the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Researchers are trying to develop preventive measures to minimize the risk for domestic cats, especially in densely populated areas.
An important aspect of current research is also the development of vaccines against Salmonella infections in cats. Although there is currently no approved vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. for cats, initialInitial means beginning or at the start. In medicine, it can refer to the first symptoms of a disease or the first phase of a treatment process. studies show promising results. The challenge is to develop a vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. that is both effective and safe for cats. Researchers are evaluating various vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. platforms and strategies to strengthen the immune responseAn immune response is the immune system's reaction to foreign substances (antigens), such as microorganisms or proteins. It involves a series of processes aimed at recognizing, fighting, and eliminating these antigens. of cats against Salmonella.
Furthermore, the role of antibiotics in the treatment of Salmonellosis in cats is critically examined. Due to increasing antibiotic resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins., it is important to research alternative treatment methods. Some studies focus on the use of probiotics and other biological approaches to support the microbiological balance in the cats’ gut and promote recovery from a Salmonellosis infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..
In summary, research on Salmonellosis in cats aims to improve both the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. and treatment of the disease. Through a better understanding of disease mechanisms, transmission routes, and environmental factors, scientists hope to develop effective strategies to combat this disease. Advances in diagnostics, vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. development, and treatment options contribute to ensuring the health of cats and human safety.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
What is salmonellosis in cats? Salmonellosis is a bacterial infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. caused by bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. of the genus Salmonella. It affects the gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. tract of cats and can lead to symptoms such as Vomiting, DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., and Fever. Cats can become infected through contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. food, water, or direct Contact with infected animals.
How is salmonellosis diagnosed in cats? The diagnosis is usually made by taking a stool sample, which is tested in the laboratory for the presence of Salmonella bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease.. In some cases, blood tests or other diagnostic tests may also be necessary to make an accurate diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients..
What symptoms do cats show with a Salmonellosis infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.? The most common symptoms include diarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and lethargy. In severe cases, fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.) and weight loss can also occur. In young or immunocompromised cats, the symptoms can be particularly severe.
How is salmonellosis treated in cats? The treatment usually consists of supportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. measures such as fluid administration and an adapted diet to compensate for the Fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.) and soothe the intestines. In severe cases, antibiotics can be administered, although this must be carefully considered due to the resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins. problem.
Can humans get infected with salmonellosis from cats? Yes, Salmonellosis is a ZoonosisA zoonosis is a disease or infection that can be naturally transmitted from animals to humans. Examples include rabies, Lyme disease, and avian influenza., which means that the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. can be transmitted from animals to humans. People can become infected through Contact with infected cats or their excrement. Good hygiene measures, such as thorough hand washing after handling cats, can minimize the risk.
How can I prevent my cat from getting salmonellosis? To reduce the risk of Salmonella infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., you should only give your cat high-quality, fresh food and ensure that they do not have access to contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. water or food. Regular veterinary visits and a clean environment also contribute to the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring..
Is there a vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. against Salmonellosis for cats? Currently, there is no approved vaccineA vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens without causing the disease itself. Vaccines may contain weakened or inactivated pathogens, toxoids, or recombinant antigens. against Salmonellosis in cats. However, research is underway to develop one. Until then, preventative measures are the best protectionProtection refers to safeguarding against diseases or harm. In veterinary medicine, this can include protecting animals through vaccinations, the use of parasite control products, or providing a safe environment. against infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..
How long does it take for a cat to recover from salmonellosis? The recovery time can vary, depending on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and the general health of the cat. In mild cases, a cat can recover within one to two weeks, while severe infections may require a longer treatment period.
Can other pets in the household also be infected? Yes, other animals in the household can also become infected with Salmonella, especially if they share the same habitat or food. It is important to keep infected cats separate and increase hygiene measures to prevent the spread of the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease..
What long-term consequences can a Salmonellosis infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. have in cats? In most cases, cats recover completely from a Salmonellosis infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. without permanent damage. However, in severe or recurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. infections, long-term health problems, such as chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. digestive disorders, can occur. An early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment are crucial to avoid complications.
When to visit the vet?
Urgent see a veterinarian within 24 hours
If the condition worsens / symptoms persist, consult a veterinarian.
An interesting overview of gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. problems in cats, supplemented by information on the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. microbiome and the importance of probiotics, can be found here: https://petsvetcheck.de/fachbeitrag/magen-darm-probleme-bei-katzen/