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Skin Infections in Dogs

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 06.11.2025

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Skin infections in dogs are conditions in which the dog’s skin becomes infected by bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., fungi, or viruses. These infections can lead to a variety of symptoms, including redness, itching, swelling, and sometimes hair loss.

Can Occur with the Following Diseases:

Basics and possible causes

Skin infections in dogs can be caused by various types of microorganisms. The most common are bacterial infections, triggered by bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. are normally harmless but can cause infections if the skin barrier is weakened.

Another common cause of skin infections are fungi, especially dermatophytes, which are responsible for ringworm. These fungi feed on keratin, the main component of skin, hair, and nails, leading to itchy, scaly skin patches. Fungal infections are particularly contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. and can easily be transmitted from one animal to another.

ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections, such as those caused by fleas, mites, or ticks, can also result in skin infections. These parasites can irritate the skin through bites or by laying eggs, which can lead to an inflammatory reaction and secondary bacterial infections.

Allergic reactions can also weaken the skin barrier, increasing the risk of skin infections. Allergies in dogs can be triggered by environmental factors such as pollen, house dust mites, or food and often lead to severe itching, which increases the risk of secondary infections.

Typical accompanying symptoms

Itching: A common symptom of skin infections that can cause the dog to scratch or lick frequently. This can worsen the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and delay healing.
Redness and inflammation: Infected skin areas are often reddened and swollen, indicating the body’s inflammatory response to the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..
Scaly or crusty skin: Infections can lead to a change in skin texture, which manifests as scales or crusts.
Hair loss: Constant scratching or the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. itself can lead to local or generalizedGeneralized means that a disease or condition affects a large part of the body or multiple organ systems. Generalized diseases can show systemic symptoms and may require more comprehensive treatment. hair loss.
Foul odor: Especially in bacterial infections, the skin can develop an unpleasant odor.
Open wounds or ulcers: In severe cases, open wounds can occur, which pose a risk for further infections.

When to visit the vet?

A veterinarian should be consulted if the skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. does not subside within a few days despite home care, or if the symptoms worsen. Signs such as persistentPersistent means lasting or continuing for an extended period. In veterinary medicine, it can refer to chronic diseases or symptoms that do not subside. itching, open wounds, intense odor, or fever are particularly alarming, as they may indicate a serious or systemic infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..

If the dog shows signs of general malaise, such as loss of appetite, lethargy, or behavioral changes, veterinary help should also be sought immediately. These symptoms may indicate that the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. affects not only the skin but also other parts of the body.

Even if the dog shows signs of allergic reactions, such as swollen eyes or respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress, immediate veterinary care is necessary, as these symptoms may indicate a serious allergic reaction that needs to be treated immediately.

Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures

It can be challenging for the pet owner to determine the exact cause of the skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease., as the symptoms of various skin diseases are often similar. However, careful observation of the dog and the recognition of skin changes or behavioral changes are crucial for early detection.

The veterinarian will perform a thorough examination of the dog during the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. This often includes skin swabs or biopsies to determine the exact type of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. A skin swab can help identify bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. or fungi, while a biopsyA biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the body to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Biopsies can help diagnose cancer and other conditions. can be useful to rule out more serious skin diseases.

Additional tests such as blood tests or allergyAn allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a normally harmless substance, the allergen. The reaction can include symptoms such as skin rash, itching, sneezing, respiratory distress, or in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. tests may be necessary to identify underlying causes such as allergies or systemic diseases. The veterinarian will suggest the appropriate treatment based on the examination results.

What can pet owners do and professional therapy options

To relieve the symptoms of a skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in your dog, it is important to keep the affected areas clean and dry. Regular washing with an antiseptic shampoo recommended by the veterinarian can help reduce the bacterial or fungal load and promote healing.

Avoid giving your dog medication without consulting the veterinarian, as some human medications can be dangerous for dogs. Special veterinarian-recommended lotions or sprays can be helpful to relieve itching.

A balanced diet and the promotion of a healthy immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. can also help to support healing and prevent future infections. Make sure your dog gets all the necessary nutrients and is free from stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being..

In some cases, it may be necessary to provide the dog with a protective collar to prevent it from scratching or licking the affected areas, which could worsen the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. Such a collar can also speed up the healing process.

Outlook on current research

Research into skin infections in dogs is a dynamic field that is constantly providing new insights into the causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches. One of the central areas of research focuses on identifying specific types of bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. and fungi that cause skin infections in dogs. Modern genetic analysis techniques are used to characterize the complex microbial communities on the skin of dogs more precisely. These studies have shown that, in addition to the known pathogens such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, other, previously less-considered microbes may also play a role.

Another area of research is investigating the genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases. of dogs to skin infections. It is believed that certain breeds are more susceptible to skin problems due to their genetic makeup. By analyzing genetic markers, researchers hope to better identify risk groups. These findings could not only lead to improved preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. measures but also to the development of tailored therapies that are tailored to the genetic characteristics of individual dogs.

The development of new treatment methods is also a focus of research. Scientists are working on developing new antibiotics and antifungals that specifically target the pathogens of skin infections in dogs. Alternative therapeutic approaches such as the use of probiotics, which support the natural skin flora, and the use of phages, which specifically kill bacterial pathogens, are also being intensively investigated. These innovative approaches could help to avoid antibiotic resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins., which is increasingly a problem in the treatment of skin infections.

A forward-looking field of research is the development of vaccines against skin infections. InitialInitial means beginning or at the start. In medicine, it can refer to the first symptoms of a disease or the first phase of a treatment process. studies have shown that it is possible to stimulate the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. of dogs in such a way that it is more effective against certain bacterial pathogens. These vaccines could play an important role in the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of skin infections in the future, especially in dogs that are prone to skin problems due to allergies or other underlying diseases.

In addition, research is being conducted into how environmental factors, such as the dog’s diet, air quality, and contact with allergens, affect the risk of skin infections. These studies could provide valuable information on how skin infections can be avoided through targeted changes in living conditions. In summary, research shows that skin infections in dogs are a complex problem with many influencing factors that must be addressed through interdisciplinary approaches.

Frequently asked questions

What are the most common symptoms of skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs? The most common symptoms of skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. in dogs are redness, swelling, itching, and the appearance of pustules or crusts on the skin. Often, the affected dogs scratch themselves intensely, which can lead to further skin irritation.
How can I tell if my dog has a skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.? Observe your dog closely for signs of skin changes, such as redness or swelling. If your dog scratches or licks excessively, this could be an indication of an infection. If in doubt, you should consult a veterinarian who can make an accurate diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients..
What causes skin infections in dogs? Skin infections in dogs can be caused by bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., fungi, or parasites. They often occur as a result of allergies, injuries, or a weakened immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body.. Environmental influences also play a role.
Are certain dog breeds more prone to skin infections? Yes, certain breeds, such as bulldogs, Shar-Peis, and Retrievers, are more prone to skin infections due to their genetic predispositionA predisposition is an innate inclination or susceptibility of an organism to certain diseases or conditions. In dogs and cats, there may be a genetic predisposition to certain conditions such as hip dysplasia or certain heart diseases.. These dogs often have more sensitive skin or skin folds, which increase the risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease..
How are skin infections in dogs treated? The treatment of skin infections depends on the cause. TopicalTopical refers to the direct application of medications or treatments to the skin or mucous membranes for a local effect, without being absorbed into the body. or oralOral means "through the mouth" and refers to the intake of food, medication, or other substances through the mouth. In veterinary medicine, many treatments are administered orally. antibiotics are often prescribed. Antifungals may be necessary for fungal infections. Skin care products and special shampoos can be used to support treatment.
Can skin infections in dogs heal on their own? In some cases, mild skin infections can heal on their own, especially if the cause, such as an allergic reaction, is resolved. However, there is a risk that the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. will worsen without treatment, which is why a veterinary examination is advisable.
How can I prevent skin infections in my dog? Regular care and cleaning of your dog’s skin can help prevent infections. Pay attention to a balanced diet and avoid allergens. In dogs with skin folds, it is important to keep them clean and dry.
Are skin infections in dogs contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. to humans or other animals? Most skin infections in dogs are not directly transmissible to humans or other animals. However, some pathogens, such as certain fungi, can also infect other animals or, rarely, humans. Hygiene is therefore important.
How long does it take for a skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. to heal in dogs? The healing time depends on the severity of the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. and the treatment chosen. Mild infections can heal within one to two weeks, while more severe cases can take several weeks or even months.
What should I do if my dog’s skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. does not improve? If the skin infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. does not improve despite treatment, you should consult the veterinarian again. It may be necessary to adjust the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions., or there may be other health problems that need to be treated.