Home » Diseases » In dogs » Diaphragmatic Hernia

Diaphragmatic Hernia in Dogs

Occurrence: rarer
Location of illness: Abdomen/pelvis, Chest

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 06.11.2025

A diaphragmatic hernia is a condition in which there is a tear or weakness in the diaphragm, allowing organs to move from the abdominalThe term "abdominal" refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. cavity into the chest cavity.

The most important facts at a glance

A diaphragmatic hernia in dogs, also called a diaphragmatic hernia, is caused by a gap or tear in the diaphragm, which allows abdominal organs to enter the chest cavity. This can cause breathing problems. Causes of a diaphragmatic hernia are often traumatic events such as car accidents or genetic factors that can lead to congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. hernias. Symptoms include respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress, cardiac arrhythmiaAn arrhythmia is a heart rhythm disorder in which the heart beats irregularly, either too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or with an irregular pattern. Arrhythmias can be harmless or a sign of serious heart problems., weakness, and loss of appetite. DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is usually made by X-rayX-ray is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to create images of the inside of the body. It is often used to diagnose bone fractures, lung diseases, and other conditions. or ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. examinations to determine the displacement of organs. In complex cases, computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. may be required.

Treatment depends on the severity of the hernia. In many cases, surgery is necessary to return the organs to their place and repair the diaphragm. Before surgery, stabilization of the dog may be necessary with oxygen therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. or intravenous fluids. After surgery, careful monitoring is important to avoid complications. In some cases, conservative treatment may also be considered. The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. depends on the cause and the treatment time, but is often good with early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. includes avoiding traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries. and responsible breeding practices to minimize genetic risks.

Causes

The diaphragm is a thin sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominalThe term "abdominal" refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. cavity and plays a crucial role in breathing. It helps maintain the pressure difference between these two body cavities and supports lung function. In the case of a hernia, this pressure difference can be disrupted, affecting the dog’s breathing mechanics.

There are different types of diaphragmatic hernias. An acquired hernia often occurs as a result of traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries., such as a car accident. In such accidents, the sudden pressure on the abdomenThe abdomen, also known as the abdominal cavity, is the part of the body located between the rib cage and the pelvis. It houses several important organs, including the stomach, liver, kidneys, intestines, and spleen. can cause organs to be pushed through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. A congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. hernia, on the other hand, is present at birth and results from incomplete development of the diaphragm during embryonic development.

Genetic factors can play a role in the development of congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. hernias. Certain dog breeds may be predisposed, indicating hereditary predispositions. However, in acquired hernias, the most common causes are external traumas that lead to a tear in the diaphragm.

In addition to traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries., other health problems, such as chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. vomiting or constipationConstipation is another word for infrequent bowel movements where the stool is hard and difficult to pass. In dogs and cats, this can be caused by diet, lack of exercise, or underlying health issues., can increase pressure in the abdomenThe abdomen, also known as the abdominal cavity, is the part of the body located between the rib cage and the pelvis. It houses several important organs, including the stomach, liver, kidneys, intestines, and spleen. and weaken the diaphragm. These factors increase the risk of developing a hernia, especially in older or weakened dogs.

Symptoms

Very common symptoms:

Common symptoms:

Rare symptoms:

The symptoms of a diaphragmatic hernia can vary depending on the severity of the hernia and the organs affected. Common signs include respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress, as the displaced organs restrict lung space. The dog may also suffer from a cough or rapid, shallow breathing.

Other symptoms may include vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss, especially if the stomach or intestines are displaced into the chest cavity. Dogs may also show signs of discomfort or pain, especially with movement.

In severe cases, circulatory shock can occur if vital organs such as the heart or major blood vessels are affected by the displacement of abdominalThe term “abdominal” refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. organs. This requires immediate medical intervention.

Diagnosis

The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of a diaphragmatic hernia usually begins with a thorough clinical examination by the veterinarian. An accurate historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits., including information about past traumas or unusual behavior of the dog, can provide valuable clues.

Imaging procedures are crucial for diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. X-rays of the chest and abdomenThe abdomen, also known as the abdominal cavity, is the part of the body located between the rib cage and the pelvis. It houses several important organs, including the stomach, liver, kidneys, intestines, and spleen. can often show the displacement of organs or an unusual silhouette of the diaphragm. In some cases, an ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. examination can provide additional details, especially if soft tissue structures are affected.

In complex cases, a computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. scan may be necessary to obtain a detailed picture of the diaphragm and the affected organs. These advanced imaging techniques allow the veterinarian to accurately determine the extent of the hernia and plan an appropriate treatment strategy.

Therapy

The treatment of a diaphragmatic hernia depends on the severity of the condition. In most cases, surgical intervention is required to return the displaced organs to their original position and repair the diaphragm. This operation is called a diaphragmatic herniotomy.

Prior to surgery, stabilization of the patient is often necessary, especially if the dog is in shock or experiencing respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress. The use of oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids can help stabilize the dog’s condition before the procedure is performed.

After surgery, the dog requires careful monitoring and aftercare to avoid complications such as infections or recurrentRecurrent refers to a disease that repeatedly returns or worsens after a temporary remission or improvement. herniation. Pain management and monitoring of respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. function are crucial during the recovery phase.

In some cases, especially with very small or stabilized hernias, conservative treatment may be considered. This includes monitoring the dog and avoiding activities that could increase pressure on the diaphragm. However, this method is rarely used and is only suitable for specific cases.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with a diaphragmatic hernia varies depending on the cause, severity, and timing of treatment. With early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and successful surgical intervention, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is generally good, and many dogs recover completely.

In congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. hernias or in dogs that remain untreated for a long time, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. may be less favorable. Complications such as adhesions or damage to the displaced organs can make healing more difficult and worsen the prognosis.

Long-term follow-up care and regular veterinary check-ups are important to ensure that no further problems arise and that the dog maintains a good quality of life. Collaboration with an experienced veterinarian is crucial to achieving the best results.

Prevention

Avoiding traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries. is one of the most effective preventive measures against acquired diaphragmatic hernias. This includes measures such as securing the dog in the car with special seat belts or transport boxes to minimize injuries in accidents.

For owners of breeds that are prone to congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. hernias, it is important to carefully monitor breeding and consider genetic testing to reduce the risk of inheriting this condition. Responsible breeding practices can help reduce the incidenceIncidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or condition that occur within a specific time period in a specific population group. It provides information about the risk of contracting the disease. of congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. defects.

Regular veterinary examinations can help detect early signs of a hernia before they cause serious problems. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help promote the dog’s overall health and reduce the risk of various health problems.

Outlook on current research

Diaphragmatic hernia, known as a ruptureA rupture is a tear or break in an organ or tissue. It can be caused by trauma, illness, or overextension, and often requires medical intervention. of the diaphragm, is a serious condition in dogs characterized by a gap or tear in the diaphragm. This gap allows abdominalThe term "abdominal" refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. organs to enter the chest cavity, which can lead to breathing difficulties and other health problems. Current research in this area focuses on various aspects, including improving diagnostic procedures, surgical techniques for repairing the diaphragm, and developing preventive measures to minimize the risk of diaphragmatic hernia.

A significant advance in research is the use of imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose diseases of the brain, spine, and other organs., which allow for precise diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. These techniques help veterinarians determine the severity of the hernia and plan the best possible treatment strategy. Research has shown that early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment are crucial for the success of the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions..

Surgical techniques have also evolved. Minimally invasiveInvasive describes medical procedures or pathogens that enter the body or penetrate tissue. In medicine, invasive procedures can range from minimally invasive techniques to open surgery. surgeries, such as laparoscopic surgery, are increasingly used to repair the diaphragm. These methods reduce the risk of postoperativePostoperative refers to the time after a surgical operation. This phase includes recovery and the management of possible complications after the procedure. complications and shorten the recovery time for the patient. Researchers are working to further refine these techniques and develop new materials that can be used in the repair of the diaphragm.

Another important aspect of research is the investigation of genetic factors that can lead to an increased risk of diaphragmatic hernias. By identifying genetic markers, scientists hope to better inform breeders and pet owners in order to take preventive measures. This research could lead to long-term breeding programs that reduce the occurrence of this disease.

In addition, research is being conducted on the development of non-surgical treatment approaches. The focus here is on supporting the body’s natural healing processes through special nutritional plans, physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. and innovative drug therapies. These approaches could be particularly beneficial for older or infirm dogs who are at higher risk during surgery.

Research on diaphragmatic hernia in dogs is a dynamic field that is constantly providing new insights. Thanks to the collaboration of veterinarians, surgeons, geneticists and other specialists, diagnostic and treatment options are constantly improving, which can significantly improve the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. for affected dogs. The future of research promises to develop even more effective methods for preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. and therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. in order to further increase the well-being of the animals.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is a diaphragmatic hernia in dogs? A diaphragmatic hernia is a condition in which a tear or gap occurs in a dog’s diaphragm. This allows organs from the abdominalThe term "abdominal" refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. cavity to enter the chest cavity, which can lead to breathing problems and other health complications.
What are the most common causes of a diaphragmatic hernia in dogs? A diaphragmatic hernia can be caused by blunt trauma, such as a car accident or a severe fall. In some cases, it can also be congenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother., meaning the dog is born with a defect in the diaphragm.
What symptoms indicate a diaphragmatic hernia? Symptoms can include respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress, cough, vomiting, loss of appetite, and a bloated abdomenThe abdomen, also known as the abdominal cavity, is the part of the body located between the rib cage and the pelvis. It houses several important organs, including the stomach, liver, kidneys, intestines, and spleen.. In severe cases, the dog may also show signs of shock, such as pale mucous membranes and weakness.
How is a diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed? DiagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is usually made by imaging techniques such as X-rays or ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow.. In some cases, a computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. scan may be necessary to determine the exact location and severity of the hernia.
What treatment options are available for a diaphragmatic hernia? The primaryPrimary refers to the first or original cause of a disease or condition, as opposed to secondary causes or symptoms that develop from it. treatment is usually surgical to repair the diaphragm and return the organs to their correct position. In some cases, especially with mild bridges, conservative treatment may be attempted.
What is the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. for dogs after surgery for a diaphragmatic hernia? The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. depends on the severity of the hernia and the dog’s general health. With timely and successful surgery, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is often good, and many dogs recover completely.
Can all dogs get a diaphragmatic hernia? Yes, theoretically any dog can suffer a diaphragmatic hernia, although certain breeds may be more susceptible, especially if genetic factors play a role. However, traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries. is the most common triggerA trigger is a stimulus that elicits a specific reaction or state. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to emotional responses, such as fear or aggression, or medical conditions, such as seizures in dogs and cats..
How can a diaphragmatic hernia be prevented? PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. involves minimizing the risk of traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries. through safe environments and adherence to safety measures in the car. If hereditary causes are suspected, genetic screening can be helpful to assess the risk.
What are the complications if a diaphragmatic hernia is left untreated? If left untreated, a diaphragmatic hernia can lead to severe breathing problems, organ failure, and ultimately death. It is important to seek veterinary help immediately if a hernia is suspected.
How long is the recovery time after surgery for a diaphragmatic hernia? The recovery time varies depending on the severity of the hernia and the individual health of the dog, but is usually a few weeks. During this time, rest and limited movement are important to support healing.

When to visit the vet?

Urgent see a veterinarian within 24 hours

If the condition worsens / symptoms persist, consult a veterinarian.