Permanent Muscle Contraction (Tetany) in cats
Permanent muscle contraction, also known as tetany, in cats refers to a condition in which the muscles contract uncontrollably and persistently. This can lead to seizures and stiffness, which can significantly impair the cat’s well-being and mobility.
Can Occur with the Following Diseases:
Basics and possible causes
Muscle contractions are normally triggered by electrical signals in the nervous system that activate the muscle fibers. These signals are controlled by the exchange of electrolytes, such as calcium, sodium, and potassium. An imbalance of these electrolytes can lead to uncontrolled muscle contractions.
A common cause of tetany is a calcium deficiency, often caused by inadequate intake or a disturbance in calcium metabolism. Calcium is crucial for the proper function of nerves and muscles, and a deficiency can significantly impair these systems.
Hypoparathyroidism is another possible cause. This condition results from an underactive parathyroid gland, which is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. Insufficient production of parathyroid hormone can lead to low calcium levels, which in turn can trigger tetany.
Other causes of tetany can be metabolic disorders, such as kidney failure, or toxic influences, such as heavy metal poisoning or the ingestion of certain toxic plants. These conditions can disrupt the cat’s electrolyte balance and lead to persistent muscle contractions.
Typical accompanying symptoms
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Muscle twitching: Affected cats often show fine, involuntary twitching in various muscle groups, which may be particularly noticeable on the limbs or face.
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Stiffness: The cat’s muscles may harden, leading to noticeable stiffness in movement. This may be particularly noticeable when getting up or walking.
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Seizures: In severe cases, painful muscle cramps can occur, visibly restricting the cat’s freedom of movement.
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Restlessness: Due to the persistent muscle contractions, the cat may appear restless and have difficulty finding a comfortable position.
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Behavioral changes: The cat may withdraw or appear aggressive, as pain and discomfort can affect its mood.
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Respiratory distress: In severe cases, the respiratory muscles may also be affected, which can lead to shortness of breath or irregular breathing.
When to visit the vet?
A veterinarian should be consulted immediately if a cat shows signs of tetany. This is particularly important because the underlying cause can be serious and timely treatment is crucial for the cat’s well-being.
If the symptoms suddenly worsen or the cat shows signs of respiratory distress, this is an emergency that requires immediate veterinary care. Respiratory distress may indicate involvement of the respiratory muscles, which can be life-threatening.
Even with persistent restlessness or behavioral changes, it is important to have the cat examined by a veterinarian to determine the cause of the symptoms and initiate appropriate treatment.
Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures
It is important for the pet owner to pay attention to changes in the cat’s behavior or mobility. Unusual muscle twitching or stiffness are clear indications that warrant closer observation and, if necessary, a visit to the veterinarian.
The veterinarian will perform a thorough clinical examination to assess the cat’s symptoms. This also includes a neurological examination to accurately assess the function of the nerves and muscles.
Blood tests are an essential part of the diagnosis, as they provide information about the electrolyte status, especially the calcium level. Kidney function and other metabolic parameters are also checked to rule out possible causes.
In some cases, an X-ray or ultrasound may be necessary to examine the internal organs and detect possible structural abnormalities that may be contributing to the symptoms.
What can pet owners do and professional therapy options
As a pet owner, you can first try to keep the cat in a quiet and stress-free environment. Stress can worsen the symptoms, so it is important to create a calming environment.
It is important to allow the cat access to water, as adequate hydration can help stabilize the electrolyte balance. However, you should not force the cat to drink if it does not want to.
Until the veterinarian visit, no medication should be administered unless specifically recommended by the veterinarian. Self-medication can worsen the symptoms or make diagnosis more difficult.
If the cat shows signs of respiratory distress, it should be taken to the veterinary practice immediately. It should be moved as little as possible to avoid additional stress.
After diagnosis by the veterinarian, targeted treatment can be initiated, which often includes the administration of calcium or other necessary electrolytes. The pet owner should follow the veterinarian’s instructions carefully to ensure the best chance of a speedy recovery.
Are you unsure what is wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our symptom checker for more clarity.