Paralyzed French Bulldog in the waiting roomParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. is defined as the inability to actively move parts of the body. The paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. can be flaccid or spastic.
Paralysis
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ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. Dog/Cat
ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. is the partial or complete loss of voluntary motor skills, often in one or more limbs. Causes include neurological damage from herniated discs, spinal injuries, stroke, or toxins. Acutely occurring paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. must always be clarified as an emergency.
ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. (paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.) refers to the complete loss of voluntary muscle movement in one or more parts of the body. In partial paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. (paresisParesis is a partial or incomplete paralysis that manifests as a weakening of muscle strength. It can affect individual muscles or muscle groups and is often caused by damage to the nervous system.), the ability to move is limited but not completely absent. ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. can occur suddenly or gradually and affect different body regions. Depending on the location, a distinction is made between monoplegia (paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. of one limb), paraplegiaParaplegia is the paralysis of the legs and lower body, caused by damage to the spinal cord. Those affected cannot move their legs and often also have impaired control over bladder and bowel function. (paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. of both hind legs), tetraplegia (paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. of all four limbs) and hemiplegia (paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. of one half of the body).
ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. can be flaccid or spastic. In flaccid paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., muscle tone is absent, while in spastic paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., muscle tone is increased. The distinction is important for the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of the underlying disease and therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. planning.
ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. is caused by damage to the central nervous systemThe CNS (central nervous system) consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for processing information and controls most functions of the body and behavior. (brain and spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body.), the peripheralPeripheral refers to areas located outside the central part of a system or body. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to peripheral nerves, blood vessels, or tissues that are distant from central organs such as the heart or brain. nervous system, or the neuromuscularNeuromuscular refers to the relationship between nerves and muscles, particularly the transmission of nerve impulses that trigger muscle contraction. Neuromuscular disorders can affect movement and coordination in animals. connections. Nerve damage can be caused by pressure, Inflammatory conditions, Circulatory disorders, toxicToxic means “poisonous” and refers to substances that can have harmful effects on the body, including damage to organs, cells, or disruption of metabolic processes. influences, or degenerative processes.
Causes
The causes can be diverse.
- Damage to the brain and spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. due to traumas and inflammatory conditions (herniated disc, fractures)
- Poisonings
- MetabolicMetabolic refers to metabolism, i.e. the entirety of chemical processes that take place in a living organism to enable life processes. Metabolic disorders can cause a variety of Diseases in Dogs and cats. disorders
- Specific infectiousInfectious describes the ability of a pathogen to be transmitted from one individual to another and trigger an infection. It also refers to diseases caused by such pathogens. diseases
- Tumors in the area of the nervous system
- In cats, blood clots in the area of the large leg arteries (arterial occlusive disease, thrombosisThrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel that can obstruct or block blood flow. Thromboses can occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or arteries (arterial thrombosis).)
- Supplement
- The causes of sudden paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in dogs and cats are varied and can be divided into different categories:
Trauma-related paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.: Spinal injuries from accidents, falls, or bite injuries can lead to compression or severing of the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body.. Car accidents, falls from great heights in cats, or injuries during play are particularly common.
Degenerative diseases: Herniated discs are one of the most common causes of acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in dogs. Chondrodystrophic breeds such as Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, or Beagles are particularly susceptible. The disc can suddenly prolapseProlapse refers to the falling out or protrusion of an organ or part of it from its normal position, often through an opening. In animals, this can include, for example, a rectal mucosal prolapse or a vaginal prolapse. and put pressure on the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body., leading to neurological deficits.
Vascular causes: In cats, aortic thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism. (saddle thrombusA thrombus is a blood clot that forms within the circulatory system and adheres to the vessel wall. Thrombi can obstruct blood flow and lead to various health problems.) is a common cause of sudden paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. of the hind limbs. A blood clot blocks the aorta at its bifurcation to the hind legs. This disease often occurs in cats with heart diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
InfectiousInfectious describes the ability of a pathogen to be transmitted from one individual to another and trigger an infection. It also refers to diseases caused by such pathogens. and inflammatory causes: Inflammatory conditions of the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. (myelitis), nerve roots (radiculitis), or peripheralPeripheral refers to areas located outside the central part of a system or body. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to peripheral nerves, blood vessels, or tissues that are distant from central organs such as the heart or brain. nerves (neuritis) can lead to paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.. The cause can be bacterial or viralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. infections, but also autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells or tissues as if they were foreign substances. Examples in dogs and cats include autoimmune hemolytic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus..
ToxicToxic means "poisonous" and refers to substances that can have harmful effects on the body, including damage to organs, cells, or disruption of metabolic processes. causes: Poisoning from heavy metals, certain plants, or medications can damage the nervous system and cause paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system..
ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. causes: Tick paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., caused by neurotoxinsNeurotoxins are poisons that specifically attack and damage the nervous system. In dogs and cats, they can cause paralysis, seizures, and other severe neurological symptoms. Neurotoxins can be produced in certain plants, toxins, or by bacteria. in the saliva of certain tick species, can lead to ascending paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., which is usually reversible after the tick is removed.
Neoplastic causes: Tumors in the area of the brain, spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body., or peripheralPeripheral refers to areas located outside the central part of a system or body. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to peripheral nerves, blood vessels, or tissues that are distant from central organs such as the heart or brain. nerves can lead to paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. due to pressure or infiltrationInfiltration refers to the penetration or accumulation of cells or fluids in a tissue or area that is normally free of them. This can occur as part of inflammatory reactions, Tumors, or other pathological processes..
MetabolicMetabolic refers to metabolism, i.e. the entirety of chemical processes that take place in a living organism to enable life processes. Metabolic disorders can cause a variety of Diseases in Dogs and cats. disorders: Electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemiaHypokalemia refers to a low potassium level in the blood. Potassium is an essential mineral for the function of nerves and muscles, including the heart. A deficiency can lead to weakness, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmia. or hypocalcemiaHypocalcemia is the medical term for a low calcium level in the blood. Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including bone formation, blood coagulation, and nerve and muscle function. Symptoms can include muscle cramps and twitching. can impair nerve function and lead to muscle weakness or paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system..
CongenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. diseases: Certain breeds have genetic predispositions for neurological diseases that can lead to paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., such as degenerative myelopathy in the German Shepherd.
Symptoms
ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in dogs and cats
Typical Symptoms:
- Sudden loss of movement (affecting one or more limbs)
- Unsteady gait, ataxia, Stumbling
- possibly Pain, reduced reflexes, or spasticity
Alarm signs:
- ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. with severe Pain (disc/ischemia/trauma)
- Loss of deep pain sensation, urinary/fecal incontinenceIncontinence refers to the inability to voluntarily control urine or stool, leading to involuntary loss. There are various forms, including urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence, which can be caused by different factors.
- RespiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. involvement or rapid escalation of the symptomatologySymptomatology refers to the entirety of symptoms associated with a particular disease or condition. It describes how a disease manifests itself externally.
- HistoryThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. of traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries. (fall, accident)
Escalation/course:
- Rapid deterioration within hours → emergency neurologyNeurology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. This includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system.
- Newly occurring incontinenceIncontinence refers to the inability to voluntarily control urine or stool, leading to involuntary loss. There are various forms, including urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence, which can be caused by different factors. → escalation
- Pain suddenly subsides with complete Paralysis → poor prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop.
The symptomatologySymptomatology refers to the entirety of symptoms associated with a particular disease or condition. It describes how a disease manifests itself externally. of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. varies depending on the affected body region, severity, and underlying cause. The following signs may indicate paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.: Mild (paresisParesis is a partial or incomplete paralysis that manifests as a weakening of muscle strength. It can affect individual muscles or muscle groups and is often caused by damage to the nervous system.) to complete ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. (ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.), in which no muscle contractions are possible. A partial spastic paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. with increased muscle tone is possible. Paralysis can occur suddenly or progressively.
In the event of sudden paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., affected animals often show a clear Limited mobility up to complete immobilityImmobility refers to a state of limited or absent mobility. In dogs and cats, this can be caused by injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, or neurological disorders. of the affected limbs. The animals can no longer stand, walk or run. In paresisParesis is a partial or incomplete paralysis that manifests as a weakening of muscle strength. It can affect individual muscles or muscle groups and is often caused by damage to the nervous system., the ability to move is reduced, which can manifest as dragging of the paws, Coordination disorders or a staggering gait.
An important diagnostic feature is deep pain perception. If this is missing, it indicates severe damage to the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body.. The veterinarian checks this by applying a strong pinching stimulus to the toes. If the animal does not react with a conscious reaction (turning its head, vocalizing), the Prognose is less favorable.
In the case of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. of the hind limbs, there may be a loss of control over the bladder and intestines, which leads to involuntary urination and defecation or urinary retention. Owners often notice that the bladder is overfilled and hard or that the animal is constantly dribbling.
Pain is a common accompanying symptom, especially in herniated discs or nerve entrapment. The animals show expressions of Pain such as whimpering, Panting, Restlessness or Aggressiveness when touching certain body regions. Some animals adopt a characteristic Protective posture / guarding posture, with a hunched back and lowered head.
In aortic thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism. (blood clot in the large arteryAn artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Unlike veins, which return deoxygenated blood to the heart, arteries transport oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues.) in cats, the hind legs are often cold and pale, and the claws may be bluish in color. The affected animals show severe Pain and RespiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress due to the underlying heart disease.
Depending on the cause, other neurological symptoms such as altered consciousness, Head tilted to one side, Circling, or Convulsions may occur. In the case of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. due to poisoning or systemic diseases, Vomiting, DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., or Atemwegsbeschwerden can also be observed.
First Aid
- Calm your pet. Do not encourage it to move.
- Some causes, such as damage to the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body., can be very painful. Put a muzzle on as a precaution.
- Do not use medication on your own.
- Don’t wait. This is an emergency. Surgery may be necessary immediately.
- If a spinal instability is suspected after a traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries., transport your animal accordingly carefully.
- Wrap your animal in a blanket and take it to a veterinary hospital.
- If you suspect a spinal injury, do not carry your animal, but try to transport it lying down with immobilization of the spine.
When should you see a vet sooner?
→ Red for respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. involvement, severe pain, rapid progressionProgression refers to the advancement or worsening of a disease over time. It describes an increase in the severity or extent of the disease symptoms., or circulatory signs.
Treating paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in one or both hind legs in cats due to a blood clot requires immediate action. The condition is extremely painful for the cat.
Diagnosis
The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. begins with a thorough medical historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits., in which the veterinarian asks about the time course, possible traumas, previous illnesses, and other relevant factors. This is followed by a general clinical and a special neurological examination.
In the neurological examination, consciousness, posture, gait, postural and righting reactions, spinal reflexes, muscle tone, and pain perception are assessed. This examination helps to narrow down the location of the Lesions (brain, spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body., peripheralPeripheral refers to areas located outside the central part of a system or body. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to peripheral nerves, blood vessels, or tissues that are distant from central organs such as the heart or brain. nerves, or muscles) and to assess the severity.
Imaging techniques are crucial for an accurate diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients.. X-rays can show fractures, dislocations, or degenerative changes in the spine. The computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. provides more detailed images of bony structures and can detect herniated discs or Bleeding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose diseases of the brain, spine, and other organs. is particularly valuable for imaging the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body., nerve roots, and surrounding soft tissue. It is considered the gold standard in the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of herniated discs and other Lesions near the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body..
If aortic Thromboembolie is suspected in cats, ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. examinations of the heart (echocardiographyEchocardiography is an ultrasound examination of the heart that assesses the structure and function of the heart valves and chambers. It can provide information about heart size, pumping function, and the presence of heart disease.) and the large vessels are performed. Doppler sonography can show the blood flow in the affected arteries.
Laboratory tests such as blood count, serumSerum is the liquid part of the blood that remains after coagulation. It does not contain blood cells or coagulation factors, but many other proteins, antibody and electrolytes. Serum is used in diagnostics for a variety of blood tests. chemistry, and urinalysis help to detect systemic diseases, infections, or metabolicMetabolic refers to metabolism, i.e. the entirety of chemical processes that take place in a living organism to enable life processes. Metabolic disorders can cause a variety of Diseases in Dogs and cats. disorders. If infections or Inflammatory conditions are suspected, an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), also known as Liquor cerebrospinalis or brain-spinal fluid, surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It serves as protection and for the nutrient supply of the central nervous system as well as for the disposal of metabolic products. (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), also known as Liquor cerebrospinalis or brain-spinal fluid, surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It serves as protection and for the nutrient supply of the central nervous system as well as for the disposal of metabolic products.) by Lumbalpunktion may be necessary.
Electrophysiological examinations such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity measurements can be helpful in the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of diseases of the peripheralPeripheral refers to areas located outside the central part of a system or body. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to peripheral nerves, blood vessels, or tissues that are distant from central organs such as the heart or brain. nerves and muscles.
In some cases, special tests are required, such as toxicological examinations if poisoning is suspected or genetic tests if hereditary diseases are suspected.
Further veterinary measures
Paralysis has very different causes, so different treatment strategies are necessary.
In veterinary medicine, the most common cause of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in dogs is pressure on the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. and the nerve roots emanating from it due to traumas or degenerative changes.
In cats, thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism., which can partially or completely block the large arteries of the hind legs, is not uncommon due to an underlying heart disease.
In both cases, immediate, complex diagnostics (computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions.) and therapy are indicated.
In dogs, conservative therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. with immobilization is sometimes possible. In many cases, however, surgery is indicated. If not treated in time, the paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. will persist (Fig.)
When the blood supply to the hind legs of cats is interrupted, the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. focuses on stopping the thrombusA thrombus is a blood clot that forms within the circulatory system and adheres to the vessel wall. Thrombi can obstruct blood flow and lead to various health problems. growth and accelerating the dissolution of the thrombusA thrombus is a blood clot that forms within the circulatory system and adheres to the vessel wall. Thrombi can obstruct blood flow and lead to various health problems. with medication.
This therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. begins even before further diagnostics such as ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow., fluoroscopyFluoroscopy is an imaging technique that produces real-time X-ray images to observe the movement of internal organs or the passage / transit of contrast agents through the body. It is used in diagnostics and certain therapeutic procedures. with angiographyangiography is an imaging technique that uses a contrast agent to visualize blood vessels. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose blood vessel diseases in dogs and cats., and computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. with angiographyangiography is an imaging technique that uses a contrast agent to visualize blood vessels. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose blood vessel diseases in dogs and cats. (CT angiographyangiography is an imaging technique that uses a contrast agent to visualize blood vessels. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose blood vessel diseases in dogs and cats.). Pain therapy / analgesic therapyPain therapy / analgesic therapy includes methods and medications to relieve Pain in animals. The goal is to improve well-being and increase the quality of life of animals with acute or chronic Pain. and volume substitution are also among the first measures.
The thrombusA thrombus is a blood clot that forms within the circulatory system and adheres to the vessel wall. Thrombi can obstruct blood flow and lead to various health problems. can be dissolved via a venous access or via the leg arteryAn artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Unlike veins, which return deoxygenated blood to the heart, arteries transport oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues. under fluoroscopic control with an advanced catheter.
Supplement
The treatment of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the neurological deficits. In many cases, a multimodal therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. approach is necessary.
Emergency measures: In the case of acute paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., immediate veterinary care is crucial. Transport should be gentle, especially if spinal injuries are suspected. In the case of herniated discs or traumas, strict cage rest is often prescribed for several weeks to avoid further damage.
Surgical therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions.: In the case of herniated discs with severe neurological deficits, surgery is usually the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. of choice. The prolapsed disc material is removed and the pressure on the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. is reduced. Various surgical techniques such as hemilaminectomy, ventralVentral refers to the belly side or the direction towards the front surface of an organism. The opposite of ventral is dorsal, which refers to the back or the direction towards the spine. slot or fenestration are used depending on the location. In the case of vertebral fractures or dislocations, stabilization operations with plates, screws or pins may be necessary.
Drug therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions.: Anti-inflammatory drugsAnti-inflammatory drugs are medications that reduce inflammation. They can be divided into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids and are used in dogs and cats to reduce Inflammatory conditions and Pain. such as corticosteroidsCorticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that occur naturally in the body and can also be produced synthetically. They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and are used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of conditions. or non-steroidalNon-steroidal refers to medications or substances that are not steroids and often have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or antipyretic effects. They are used in dogs and cats to treat Pain and Inflammatory conditions. anti-inflammatory drugsAnti-inflammatory drugs are medications that reduce inflammation. They can be divided into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids and are used in dogs and cats to reduce Inflammatory conditions and Pain. (NSAIDsNSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a class of medications used to relieve pain, reduce inflammatory conditions, and lower fever without using steroidal agents. They are a commonly used pain reliever in veterinary medicine.) can reduce Swelling and relieve Pain. Antibiotics or antifungals are used for infectiousInfectious describes the ability of a pathogen to be transmitted from one individual to another and trigger an infection. It also refers to diseases caused by such pathogens. causes. Muscle relaxantsMuscle relaxants are medications used to reduce muscle tension or relieve muscle spasms. They are used in dogs and cats for surgical procedures, to treat muscle spasms, or as part of pain therapy / analgesic therapy. can help with spastic paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.. In aortic thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism. in cats, antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulantsAnticoagulants are medications that slow down or inhibit blood coagulation. They are used to prevent the formation of blood clots and are used in dogs and cats with certain heart conditions or coagulation disorders. are used to dissolve the clot and prevent new clot formation.
Pain management: Adequate pain therapy / analgesic therapyPain therapy / analgesic therapy includes methods and medications to relieve Pain in animals. The goal is to improve well-being and increase the quality of life of animals with acute or chronic Pain. is necessary and may include various analgesics such as opioids, NSAIDsNSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a class of medications used to relieve pain, reduce inflammatory conditions, and lower fever without using steroidal agents. They are a commonly used pain reliever in veterinary medicine., or gabapentin. Acupuncture can also have a supportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. effect for chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. Pain.
PhysiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. and rehabilitation: After the acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. phase, physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. is crucial for restoring mobility. Passive range of motion exercises prevent muscle atrophyMuscle atrophy is the loss of muscle mass that can be caused by inactivity, malnutrition, or certain diseases. In dogs and cats, muscle atrophy can occur due to chronic diseases, aging, or after prolonged immobilization. and joint stiffness. Underwater treadmill training (hydrotherapy) enables controlled movement without full weight bearing. Massages and heat applications can relieve muscle tension.
SupportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. measures: In the case of bladder paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., regular manual expression of the bladder or catheterization is necessary to avoid urinary congestion and infections. Incontinent animals require special hygiene measures such as diapers or more frequent cleaning. Aids such as walkers, wheelchairs or specially adapted orthoses can support mobility.
Alternative therapies: Acupuncture, laser therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. or magnetic field therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. can be used as complementary treatments to relieve Pain and promote nerve regeneration.
Prognosis and aftercare
The Prognose for paralysis is very variable and depends on several factors. Crucial factors include the underlying cause, the location and extent of nerve damage, the duration of symptoms before treatment begins, and the presence of deep pain perception.
In cases of intervertebral disc disease with preserved deep pain perception, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. after surgical intervention is usually good to very good, with success rates of 80–95%. If deep pain perception has been absent for more than 48 hours, the probability of a full recovery decreases to below 50%.
In cats with aortic thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism., the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is guarded to poor. The survival rate is approximately 30–50%, and relapses are common. The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. is further worsened by the underlying heart disease.
In traumatic spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. injuries, the prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. depends on the extent of the damage. Complete transection of the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. leads to irreversible paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., while contusions or bruises may be partially or completely reversible.
Aftercare plays a crucial role in the success of the therapy. After surgical procedures, strict immobilization is necessary for several weeks to promote healing and avoid complications. Regular check-ups serve to monitor the healing process and adjust the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions..
Long-term physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. is often necessary to strengthen the muscles, prevent joint stiffness, and improve coordination. In cases of permanent paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system., owners must learn to manage their animal’s special needs, such as bladder management, pressure sore prophylaxisProphylaxis refers to preventive measures taken to avoid diseases or health problems. In veterinary medicine, this can include vaccinations, regular deworming, and other preventive treatments., and mobility aids.
The living environment should be adapted to allow the paralyzed animal to live as normal a life as possible. This includes non-slip flooring, ramps instead of stairs, and easily accessible food and water stations.
Summary
Sudden paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in dogs and cats is a medical emergency that requires immediate veterinary action. The causes are varied, ranging from intervertebral disc disease and traumas to vascular occlusions and poisonings. The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. is based on a thorough neurological examination and imaging techniques such as MRI or CT.
The therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. depends on the underlying cause and can be conservative with immobilization and medication or surgical. Early treatment is crucial for success, especially in cases of intervertebral disc disease and aortic thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism.. Rehabilitation with physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. plays a central role in restoring mobility.
The prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. depends on the cause, the extent of nerve damage, and the presence of deep pain perception. While some animals achieve a full recovery, others have permanent limitations that require lifelong adaptation of the keeping conditions.
For pet owners, it is important to know risk factors and take preventive measures, especially in predisposed breeds. At the first signs of neurological disorders, a veterinarian should be consulted immediately, as time is a crucial factor for the success of the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions..
Outlook on current research
Research in the field of neurological diseases in small animals is continuously advancing. Current studies focus on innovative therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. approaches to improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. injuries.
Stem cell therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. shows promising results in the treatment of spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells can release anti-inflammatory factors and promote nerve regeneration. Initial clinical trials in dogs with intervertebral disc disease show positive effects on motor function and pain reduction.
Neuroprotective substances such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) are being researched to minimize secondary damage after acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. injuries. These substances can stabilize the cell membrane and prevent nerve cell death.
Advances in neuroprosthetics and neuromodulation enable new approaches to restore motor function. Implantable electrodes can stimulate the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. and thus improve mobility, even in severe paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system..
Genetic research is increasingly identifying genes associated with hereditary neurological diseases such as degenerative myelopathy. This enables the development of genetic tests for breeding animals and could lead to gene therapy approaches in the long term.
New imaging techniques such as functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging enable a more precise representation of nerve tracts and their damage, which improves diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and prognostication.
Advances in rehabilitation include robot-assisted therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. systems and virtual reality, which enable more intensive and targeted training. These technologies are already used in human medicine and are increasingly being used in veterinary medicine.
The research of biomarkers in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), also known as Liquor cerebrospinalis or brain-spinal fluid, surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It serves as protection and for the nutrient supply of the central nervous system as well as for the disposal of metabolic products. could enable early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and better prognosisThe prognosis is the prediction of the likely course and outcome of a disease based on the general state of health, the nature of the disease, and the response to treatment. It can provide information on how a disease is expected to develop. estimation in the future. Certain proteins or microRNAs could indicate the extent of nerve damage and support the therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. decision.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
- How do I recognize paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. in my pet?
ParalysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. manifests as a sudden inability to move or severely Limited mobility of one or more limbs. Affected animals can no longer stand, walk or run, or show a clearly altered gait with dragging of the paws. - Is sudden paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. always an emergency?
Yes, a sudden onset of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. is always to be regarded as an emergency and requires immediate veterinary assistance. Especially in the case of herniated discs or aortic thromboembolismThromboembolism is the blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot (thrombus) that has formed in one place in the circulatory system and then moved to another location. This can lead to serious complications, such as a stroke or pulmonary embolism., every hour counts for the Prognose. - Which dog breeds are particularly susceptible to herniated discs?
Chondrodystrophic breeds with short legs such as Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, Beagles, Shih Tzus, Pekingese and Pugs are particularly at risk. In these breeds, premature degeneration of the intervertebral discs occurs. - Can my animal recover completely from paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.?
The chances of complete recovery depend heavily on the cause, severity, and duration of the paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.. With timely treatment of herniated discs with preserved deep pain perception, the chances of success are good. In the absence of deep pain perception or complete spinal cord transection, complete recovery is unlikely. - How can I help a paralyzed animal at home?
Paralyzed animals require special care, including regular repositioning to avoid pressure sores, assistance with bladder emptying, soft and clean surfaces to lie on, and physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. according to veterinary instructions. Aids such as wheelchairs can support mobility. - How long does rehabilitation take after spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. surgery?
The rehabilitation phase can last between several weeks and several months, depending on the severity of the injury and individual healing ability. In the first 4–6 weeks, strict cage rest is usually required, followed by a gradual increase in activity and accompanying physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques.. - What preventive measures are there for herniated discs?
Preventive measures include weight control to avoid Overweight, the use of harnesses instead of collars in predisposed breeds, avoidance of jumping and climbing stairs, and, if necessary, prophylactic disc fenestration in high-risk breeds. - Can a tick really cause paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.?
Yes, certain tick species can cause ascending paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. through neurotoxinsNeurotoxins are poisons that specifically attack and damage the nervous system. In dogs and cats, they can cause paralysis, seizures, and other severe neurological symptoms. Neurotoxins can be produced in certain plants, toxins, or by bacteria. in their saliva, which is known as tick paralysis. After removal of the tick, the symptoms usually subside within 24–72 hours. - How high are the costs for the treatment of paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.?
The costs vary greatly depending on the cause, necessary diagnostics and therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions.. A conservative treatment can cost a few hundred euros, while surgical interventions on the spinal cordThe spinal cord is a long, narrow bundle of nerve tissue located in the spinal canal of the vertebral column. It is part of the central nervous system and transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body. with subsequent rehabilitation can cost several thousand euros. - Can my animal live a happy life with permanent paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system.?
Yes, many animals with permanent paralysisParalysis is the complete loss of muscle activity in one or more areas of the body, which can lead to immobility and loss of sensation. Paralysis can be caused by injuries, illnesses, or disorders of the nervous system. can live a happy and fulfilling life. With appropriate aids such as wheelchairs, an adapted environment and loving care, they can adapt well to their limitations and show joie de vivre.
Literature
- Kirsch, A: Aortic thrombosis in the cat. veterinär spiegel 2008; 18(02): 84-90, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart
- Spinal trauma. Merck Manual Professional Edition. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/spinal_trauma/spinal_trauma.html?qt=spinal trauma&alt=sh. Accessed Dec. 27, 2018.
- Löwe, G. and Löwe, O. (2021). Emergencies in dogs and cats – A veterinary Guide. Kynos-Verlag. 208 pp.
- Lewis MJ, Olby NJ. Sudden-onset neurological problems in cats: a systematic review. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2020;22(8):716-731.
- Fenn J, Laber E, Williams K, et al. Associations between anesthetic variables and functional outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion undergoing decompressive hemilaminectomy. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2020;34(3):1214-1222.
- Granger N, Carwardine D. Acute spinal cord injury: tetraplegia and paraplegia in small animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2020;50(6):1361-1387.