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Pneumonia in cats

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 17.02.2026

When to visit the vet?

Urgent see a veterinarian within 24 hours

If the condition worsens / symptoms persist, consult a veterinarian.

Unsure about what’s wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our Symptom Checker for more clarity

Definition of

Pneumonia in cats, also known as pneumonia, is an inflammatory disease of the lung tissue that can be caused by infections with bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., viruses, fungi, or parasites. It leads to respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress and, if left untreated, can have serious health consequences.

Can Occur with the Following Diseases:

Grundlagen und mögliche Ursachen

Pneumonia is a complex disease that can be caused by various infections. The most common pathogens include bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, as well as streptococci and staphylococci. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. can either be inhaled through the air or enter the lungs via the bloodstream.

Viruses also play a role in the development of pneumonia. FelineFeline refers to anything related to cats. The term is used to describe diseases, behaviors, or anatomical aspects that are specific to cats. herpesvirus and calicivirus are common viralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. pathogens that can cause respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. diseases in cats. These viruses weaken the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body., which can promote a bacterial superinfectionA superinfection occurs when an organism already infected with a pathogen contracts an additional infection with another pathogen, often because the immune system is weakened..

Another possible cause of pneumonia is fungal infections. Histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis are examples of fungal diseases that can affect the lungs. However, these infections are often regionally limited, depending on the environment in which the cat lives.

ParasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections are less common but can also lead to pneumonia. Lungworms, such as Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, nest in the lungs and cause chronicChronic refers to a condition or disease that is long-lasting or permanent. Chronic diseases often develop slowly and can lead to persistent or recurring health problems over time. respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress.

In addition to infectiousInfectious describes the ability of a pathogen to be transmitted from one individual to another and trigger an infection. It also refers to diseases caused by such pathogens. causes, non-infectious factors such as allergic reactions, inhalationInhalation is the act of breathing air or other substances into the lungs through the nose or mouth. In dogs and cats, inhalation of toxins, smoke, or allergens can lead to respiratory problems. of irritants, or swallowing foreign objects can also cause or worsen pneumonia.

Typische Begleitsymptome

Cough: A dry or moist cough may indicate irritation of the airways. Cats cough less often than dogs, so a cough in cats is always a warning sign.
Shortness of breath: Recognizable by heavy, rapid, or shallow breathing. The cat may also be breathing with its mouth open, which is always a serious symptom in cats.
Sneezing and nasalNasal refers to the nose and nasal cavities. In veterinary medicine, this can involve examinations, treatments, or diseases affecting the nose of dogs and cats. discharge: Often accompanied by a clear or purulentPurulent refers to pus or the production of pus, which may indicate a bacterial infection. Purulent inflammatory conditions are often painful and may have significant swelling and redness. discharge from the nose, which indicates inflammation of the upper respiratory tractThe respiratory tract includes the organs and structures involved in the breathing process, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs..
Fever: An elevated body temperature is an indicator of an infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. or inflammation in the body.
Loss of appetite and weight loss: Due to the illness and general malaise, the cat may eat less, leading to weight loss.
Lethargy: The cat shows a reduced interest in activities and may withdraw.
Bluish mucous membranes: CyanosisCyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, caused by an inadequate oxygen supply to the blood. It can be a sign of heart, lung, or blood diseases. of the mucous membranes indicates a lack of oxygen in the blood.

Wann zum Tierarzt?

Eskalation: RED for distress, , severely increased rate at rest, collapse, Fever with , or if the cat is not eating/drinking ().

A visit to the vet should not be postponed if the cat shows symptoms of pneumonia. Immediate medical attention is required, especially in the event of respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress, persistentPersistent means lasting or continuing for an extended period. In veterinary medicine, it can refer to chronic diseases or symptoms that do not subside. cough, or if the cat is breathing with its mouth open.

A visit to the vet is also urgent if the cat has a high fever, appears very lethargic, or shows signs of dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.. These symptoms indicate a serious illness that can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Even if the symptoms appear mild, it is advisable to have the cat examined to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment.

Symptomerkennung für den Tierhalter und tierärztliches diagnostisches Vorgehen

It is important for the pet owner to pay attention to the first signs of pneumonia. These include unusual breathing sounds, an altered general condition, and changes in the cat’s behavior. A diary of the symptoms can help the vet better understand the development of the disease.

The vet will first carry out a thorough clinical examination to assess the cat’s general state of health. He will listen to the breathing, measure the body temperature, and assess the cat’s general condition.

For further diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients., imaging procedures such as chest X-rays are necessary to make inflammatory changes in the lung tissue visible. These images help to assess the severity and distribution of the pneumonia.

Blood tests can also be carried out to detect inflammatory processes in the body and to check the general state of health. If a bacterial infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is suspected, a culture and sensitivity test of the nasalNasal refers to the nose and nasal cavities. In veterinary medicine, this can involve examinations, treatments, or diseases affecting the nose of dogs and cats. discharge or a bronchial lavageBronchial lavage is a procedure in which the bronchi are rinsed with a fluid to collect secretions or samples for diagnostic tests. It is a form of bronchoalveolar lavage. may be considered to identify the specific pathogenA pathogen is a microorganism or virus that can cause disease in its host. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites..

Was kann der Tierhalter tun und professionelle Therapieoptionen

The pet owner can help to alleviate the symptoms by providing the cat with a calm and stress-free environment. A well-ventilated environment without drafts is ideal to facilitate breathing.

It is important to offer the cat enough water to prevent dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.. Increased water consumption can also help to liquefy the mucus in the airways, which makes it easier to cough up.

Medication should always be administered under the guidance of a veterinarian. Antibiotics, antipyretics, or other specific medications are prescribed depending on the cause and severity of the pneumonia.

StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. should be minimized. This includes not handling the cat too often, especially when it needs rest. A stress-free environment promotes the cat’s healing and well-being.

Ausblick auf aktuelle Forschung

Research into pneumonia in cats has become increasingly important in recent years as understanding of the specific symptoms and their treatment options is improved. One of the interesting developments in current research is the investigation of genetic predispositions that could make some cats more susceptible to pneumonia. Scientists are investigating genetic markers and trying to establish links between certain breeds and a higher incidenceIncidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or condition that occur within a specific time period in a specific population group. It provides information about the risk of contracting the disease. of respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. diseases, including pneumonia. This research could lead to more targeted treatment approaches and preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. strategies in the future.

Another focus of research is on improving diagnostic methods. While traditional imaging techniques such as X-rays remain important, more advanced techniques such as computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions. and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose diseases of the brain, spine, and other organs. are also being explored. These technologies offer more detailed insights into the lung structure and can help diagnose pneumonia earlier and more accurately. At the same time, non-invasive methods, such as the analysis of breath samples, are being developed to identify inflammatory markerInflammatory markers are substances in the blood that increase in concentration when there are inflammatory conditions in the body. They help with the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory conditions in dogs and cats. that could indicate the presence of pneumonia.

The role of environmental factors is also being intensively investigated, as these can significantly contribute to the development of pneumonia. Researchers are analyzing how factors such as air pollution, passive smoking, and household chemicals affect the susceptibility of cats to respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. diseases. These studies could help develop preventive measures that reduce the risk of pneumonia in cats in domestic environments.

Another promising area of research is therapeutic approaches to treating pneumonia in cats. In addition to investigating traditional antibiotics, alternative therapies such as herbal remedies and immunomodulatorsImmunomodulators are substances that affect the immune system by increasing or decreasing its activity. They are used in dogs and cats to treat autoimmune diseases, allergies, or as cancer therapy. are also being explored. These alternative approaches may be particularly useful in combating antibiotic resistanceResistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, antifungals, or other antimicrobial drugs. Resistance can also refer to the body's ability to be insensitive to diseases or toxins. and expanding treatment options. Such studies could mean that veterinarians will have a wider range of treatment options available in the future to support the recovery of cats with pneumonia.

Finally, the role of the microbiome in the airways of cats is also being investigated more intensively. Researchers believe that the balance of microorganisms in the airways plays a crucial role in maintaining lung health. Disturbances in this balance could increase the risk of infections, including pneumonia. By understanding the interactions between the microbiome and respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. diseases, new therapeutic approaches could be developed that aim to maintain or restore a healthy microbial balance.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

What common symptoms indicate pneumonia in cats? The most common symptoms of pneumonia in cats include cough, respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress, rapid breathing, nasalNasal refers to the nose and nasal cavities. In veterinary medicine, this can involve examinations, treatments, or diseases affecting the nose of dogs and cats. discharge, and fever. Affected cats often show reduced activity and loss of appetite. In severe cases, a bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes can also occur, indicating a lack of oxygen.
How can I tell the difference between a cold and pneumonia in my cat? Although some symptoms may be similar, pneumonia is usually more serious than a cold. In pneumonia, the respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. distress is often more pronounced, and the cat may appear more lethargic. Fever is also more common in pneumonia. However, an accurate diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. requires a veterinary examination.
How is pneumonia diagnosed in cats? The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of pneumonia in cats is usually made through a combination of clinical examination, chest X-rays, and possibly blood tests. In some cases, a tracheal lavageLavage is a rinsing procedure that uses a liquid to clean a body cavity, organ, or wound. In veterinary medicine, lavage can be used, for example, for gastric lavage or to clean an infected wound. or a bronchoscopyBronchoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in which the inside of the airways is directly viewed with a bronchoscope, a thin, flexible viewing tube. It can be used to take tissue samples or remove foreign objects. may also be performed to obtain samples for analysis.
Can cats with pneumonia be treated at home? The treatment of pneumonia in cats usually requires medical care by a veterinarian. Depending on the severity, inpatient treatment may be necessary. Home care can be complementary, but not sufficient as the sole treatment.
How long does it take to recover from pneumonia in cats? The recovery time can vary, but with appropriate treatment, many cats begin to show significant improvement within one to two weeks. However, full recovery can take several weeks, depending on the cat’s general health and the severity of the disease.
Are there preventive measures that can help avoid pneumonia in cats? Yes, there are several measures that can help reduce the risk of pneumonia. These include avoiding passive smoking, ensuring a clean and dust-free environment, and regular vaccinationVaccination is the process of administering a vaccine to develop immunity against a specific infectious disease. It is one of the most effective methods of prevention of infectious diseases. against respiratoryRespiratory refers to breathing or the process of breathing. Respiratory diseases affect the respiratory tract and can impair the ability to breathe effectively. diseases. A balanced diet and regular veterinary check-ups can also help with preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring..
Can pneumonia in cats be contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. to other pets or people? The risk of infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. depends on the cause of the pneumonia. Bacterial or viralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. infections can be contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. under certain circumstances, which is why it is important to take precautions, especially if other animals live in the household. Veterinary advice is recommended in such cases.
What role do antibiotics play in the treatment of pneumonia in cats? Antibiotics are an essential part of the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. They help to kill the bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. responsible and control the infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease.. However, it is important that antibiotics are only administered after veterinary prescription and in strict compliance with the dosage instructions.
Can alternative therapies be helpful in the treatment of pneumonia in cats? In addition to conventional medical treatment, some alternative therapies can have a supportiveSupportive refers to supportive treatments that aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life without directly treating the underlying cause of the disease. effect. These include herbal preparations and homeopathy. However, these should always be used in consultation with a veterinarian to avoid interactions with other medications and to ensure the cat’s safety.
What should I do if I suspect that my cat has pneumonia? If you suspect that your cat has pneumonia, you should see a vet immediately. Early diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment are crucial to avoid complications and improve your cat’s chances of recovery.