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Joints unstable, bone partially dislocated from the joint socket (subluxation) in cats

Author: Dr. med. vet. Gisa Löwe | Last modified: 17.02.2026

When to visit the vet?

Urgent see a veterinarian within 24 hours

RED FLAG in case of trauma, dislocation, non-weight-bearing or neurological deficits.

Unsure about what’s wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our Symptom Checker for more clarity

Definition

SubluxationA subluxation is a partial dislocation of a joint where the articular surfaces are still in Contact, but have lost their normal alignment to each other. This can cause Pain and limited mobility. in cats describes a partial dislocationA dislocation is the displacement of two bones at a joint, so that they are no longer in their normal position relative to each other. This often leads to Pain, Swelling, and limited movement. in which a bone is no longer correctly positioned in the joint socket, but has not completely slipped out.

Can Occur with the Following Diseases:

Non-erosive, Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis (Inflammation of Multiple Joints)

Basics and possible causes

The joints of cats consist of bones held together by ligaments, tendons and muscles. These structures enable both mobility and stability of the joints. A subluxationA subluxation is a partial dislocation of a joint where the articular surfaces are still in Contact, but have lost their normal alignment to each other. This can cause Pain and limited mobility. occurs when this balance is disrupted.

There are various causes for a subluxationA subluxation is a partial dislocation of a joint where the articular surfaces are still in Contact, but have lost their normal alignment to each other. This can cause Pain and limited mobility. in cats. Often a traumaA trauma refers to a physical injury or damage caused by external force. Traumas can range from simple cuts to severe multiple injuries., such as a fall from a great height or a car accident, is responsible. CongenitalCongenital means "present from birth" and refers to characteristics or conditions that are already present at birth. This can include genetic disorders, developmental anomalies, or infections transmitted by the mother. joint malformations or degenerative joint diseases can also lead to joint instability.

Hereditary factors also play a role, especially in breeds that are prone to joint problems. Overweight can put additional strain on the joints and increase the risk of subluxationA subluxation is a partial dislocation of a joint where the articular surfaces are still in Contact, but have lost their normal alignment to each other. This can cause Pain and limited mobility.. Finally, infections or inflammatory processes in the joint can impair stability.

Typical accompanying symptoms

Limping or lameness: Cats with a subluxationA subluxation is a partial dislocation of a joint where the articular surfaces are still in Contact, but have lost their normal alignment to each other. This can cause Pain and limited mobility. often show an uneven gait or avoid putting weight on the affected leg.
Swelling: A swelling around the affected joint may occur, indicating inflammation or injury.
Sensitivity to touch: Sensitivity to touch and pain reactions when palpating the affected area are common signs.
Behavioral changes: The cat may withdraw, be less active, or show signs of discomfort.
Grinding or Clicking: Audible noises may occur when moving the affected joint.

When to see a vet?

A veterinary visit is necessary if the cat shows signs of pain, limps severely or does not put any weight on the affected leg at all. Especially if the symptoms occur suddenly and after an accident, you should not hesitate.

Even if the symptoms appear mild but persist for several days or worsen, it is advisable to see a veterinarian. Early intervention can help prevent permanent damage.

If the cat becomes generally inactive or its eating habits change, this may indicate pain that requires medical clarification.

Symptom recognition for the pet owner and veterinary diagnostic procedure

For the pet owner, it is important to watch for irregularities in the cat’s movement. If the cat is limping or favoring the leg, this should be taken seriously. Palpating the joints can reveal swelling or pain reactions.

The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination to locate the affected area. An X-rayX-ray is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to create images of the inside of the body. It is often used to diagnose bone fractures, lung diseases, and other conditions. may be necessary to assess the extent of the subluxationA subluxation is a partial dislocation of a joint where the articular surfaces are still in Contact, but have lost their normal alignment to each other. This can cause Pain and limited mobility. and any other damage.

In some cases, further imaging procedures such as ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. or MRI are required to analyze more complex joint structures and rule out other diseases.

What the pet owner can do and professional therapy options

Until the veterinary visit, the cat’s freedom of movement should be restricted to avoid further injuries. Avoid lifting or moving the cat if it shows signs of pain.

A soft surface can help increase the cat’s comfort. Keep the cat calm and prevent it from jumping or running.

Do not administer painkillers without veterinary advice, as some medications can be harmful to cats. A veterinarian can prescribe appropriate painkillers or anti-inflammatory drugsAnti-inflammatory drugs are medications that reduce inflammation. They can be divided into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids and are used in dogs and cats to reduce Inflammatory conditions and Pain..

In the long term, managing body weight can help reduce pressure on the joints. A balanced diet and regular but gentle exercise can support joint health.

Outlook on current research

Research on joint instabilities and subluxations in cats has made progress in recent years, particularly through the use of modern imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body. It is used in veterinary medicine to diagnose diseases of the brain, spine, and other organs. and computed tomography (CT)Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the body. It enables a detailed view of bones, organs, and other structures and is used for the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, and for planning medical interventions.. These technologies enable veterinarians to make a more precise diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. by providing detailed images of the joint structures. A focus of current research is on the genetic basis of joint instabilities, as certain breeds appear to be more susceptible to these problems.

Another significant area of research is the development of new surgical techniques and non-invasive treatment approaches. Orthopedic surgeons are working on improved surgical methods to increase the stability of affected joints and improve the quality of life of cats. There are also advances in the development of prostheses and implants specifically adapted to the anatomyAnatomy is the scientific study of the structure of living things. It deals with the construction and organization of organisms, including their systems, organs, and tissues. of cats. These technologies could help cats with severe joint problems lead a pain-free life in the future.

In addition, intensive research is being conducted on the development of physiotherapyVeterinary physiotherapy encompasses a range of treatment methods aimed at improving the mobility and well-being of animals through exercise, massage, and other manual techniques. and rehabilitation programs for cats suffering from joint instabilities. These programs aim to strengthen the muscles around the affected joint and improve mobility, which can lead to better stability. The role of dietary supplements and special diets is also being investigated to determine whether they can help support joint health in cats and relieve the symptoms of subluxations.

Long-term epidemiological studies are also being conducted to better understand the occurrence of joint instabilities in different cat populations. These studies could provide valuable information about environmental factors, genetic predispositions and other risk factors that contribute to the development of these symptoms. Overall, the research aims to improve both preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. and treatment options for affected cats.

Frequently asked questions

1. What are the symptoms of a subluxation in cats?

A subluxation can manifest through lameness, stiffness, unusual movements or reluctance to move. Cats may also show pain when the affected joint is touched.

2. How is a subluxation diagnosed?

The diagnosis is usually made through a combination of physical examination and imaging procedures such as X-ray, CT or MRI to determine the exact location and extent of the instability.

3. Can cats with a subluxation live normally?

Many cats can lead a relatively normal life with appropriate treatment and adjustments to their environment. Treatment can range from physiotherapy to surgical interventions.

4. What are the most common causes of joint instability in cats?

Causes can include genetic factors, injuries, degenerative joint diseases or congenital malformations. Certain breeds are more susceptible to these problems.

5. Are there preventive measures against subluxations?

Preventive measures can include avoiding overweight, promoting a healthy diet and regular exercise. Avoiding risky jumps and falls can also help.

6. What treatment options are available for a subluxation?

Treatment options can include physiotherapy, pain relief medications, dietary supplements or surgical interventions, depending on the severity and cause of the subluxation.

7. Can a subluxation heal on its own?

In some cases, a mild subluxation can resolve through rest and protection of the affected joint. However, veterinary monitoring is important to avoid complications.

8. How does a subluxation affect a cat's behavior?

Cats with a subluxation may be less active, withdraw or react irritably to touch, especially near the affected joint.

9. Are certain cat breeds more susceptible to subluxations?

Yes, some breeds such as Maine Coon or Persian can be more susceptible to joint instabilities due to genetic predispositions.

10. How can I help my cat with a subluxation at home?

At home, you can help increase your cat's comfort by providing a soft, safe environment, avoiding jumps and supporting movement. Regular veterinary check-ups are also important.