Food Allergies in Dogs and Cats

Food allergies affect both dogs and cats and often manifest as gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea and vomiting, but also as skin problems.

A food allergy is an abnormal reaction of the immune system to certain components in food. The immune system misinterprets certain proteins such as meat and dairy products or other ingredients such as soy, corn, and wheat as a threat and triggers a defense reaction. The defense reactions involve the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, which can trigger digestive problems such as diarrhea, vomiting, and flatulence, but also skin problems such as itching, skin redness, and rashes. Scratching can lead to local bacterial infections.

Diagnosis is usually made through elimination diets, followed by a controlled provocation, i.e., re-feeding of suspected feedstuffs to determine with certainty which feed component triggers the allergy.

If dietary measures are not sufficient, special medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, and other anti-inflammatory drugs can be used.

Newer studies are looking at the immunological mechanisms behind food allergies, genetic factors that increase the risk of food allergies, and the role of the gut microbiome in the development of allergies. This research could lead to personalized nutrition plans for pets in the future.

The quality of the feed also plays a crucial role in the development and management of food allergies. There are significant differences in the quality and ingredients of commercial and homemade feeds. Ingredients such as soy and wheat are common components of commercial feeds.

HARDY, Jon; GAJANAYAKE, Isuru. Diagnosis and management of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats. In Practice, 2022, 44th year, No. 4, p. 196-203