Atopic Dermatitis – how to Help your Dog

Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs

Atopic dermatitis is very unpleasant for affected dogs and often requires a combination of veterinary treatment and home care. This raises 3 questions in particular:

1. What can pet owners do to help their dog with atopic dermatitis?
2. What herbal substances and supplements can help relieve atopic dermatitis in dogs, independently of the usual pharmaceuticals?
3. Effect of the substances mentioned in detail – Synergies and undesirable interactions

 

Regarding 1: What Can Pet Owners Do to Help Their Dog with Atopic Dermatitis?

Management to Reduce Allergen Exposure:

• Avoid or reduce walks during high pollen concentrations, for example, early in the morning or on windy days. Clean the paws after the walk to remove allergens that your dog has picked up outside. After cleaning, calendula ointment can be applied in a thin layer to the inflamed parts of the body (paws) twice a day. It relieves the itching.
• If the allergen exposure in the coat is very high, bathe your dog twice a week with special, hypoallergenic shampoos. Make sure that the commercial dog shampoos do not contain any dyes, fragrances, preservatives (parabens, formaldehyde, sodium laureth sulfate) and use products that have a moisturizing and skin-soothing effect.

Alternatively, make your own fresh dog shampoo. There are instructions for this on the Internet. You can also soak oatmeal in warm water for about 10 minutes and use the solution as a bath additive or to wash particularly affected skin areas (feet). Colloidal oatmeal (finely ground oatmeal), which is available in health food stores or pharmacies, serves the same purpose. It has a moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing effect.

If you don’t want to bathe, or can’t for special reasons, gentle brushing also helps to reduce the allergen exposure in the coat.

• In addition to frequent vacuuming and washing of the dog bed, air purifiers with filters (e.g. HEPA filters) can reduce the amount of house dust, pollen and other allergens in the house.
• In the case of a food allergy in dogs, beef is often the trigger, while in cats it is often fish and milk. In consultation with your veterinarian, you are probably already feeding a hypoallergenic diet. You could supplement this with additions of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. These are commercially available from your veterinarian or you can use natural sources such as linseed oil, evening primrose oil, borage seed oil or fish oil. The omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are very useful for promoting skin health and reducing Inflammatory conditions (see also parts 2 and 3).
• Stress can worsen the symptoms. Ensure a relaxed everyday life and sufficient activity. Behavior training with positive reinforcement can help reduce stress-related Scratching.
• Keep a symptom diary if the cause of the allergy has not yet been clarified. Note any abnormalities in order to recognize patterns and better identify the trigger(s) of the allergy.

Over-the-counter Medicines

These medicines are not approved for specific use in dogs and cats by the regulatory authority (European Medicines Agency, EMA). The package insert does not provide any usable information, as the information is intended for humans and the manufacturer assumes no guarantees. The responsibility lies solely with the user. You should always discuss the use of such medicines with your veterinarian. With these medicines, undesirable side effects, interactions with other medicines or special precautions are possible and necessary in the case of pre-existing other diseases. Only use pure preparations and no mixtures with other ingredients. This makes the suitability for dogs and cats even more uncertain.

• Antihistamines (active ingredients that weaken the body’s own histamine, which promotes inflammation and itching): It can take one to two weeks (!) for antihistamines to work. They are therefore not suitable for acute therapy. Also, not all animals respond equally well to them. Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Chlor-Tripolon (chlorphenamine) and bromelain are possibilities.

Dosages: Dosages are circulating on the Internet in which Anglo-Saxon information has been adopted. The Anglo-Saxon indication of body weight in pounds is not the same as the German “pound” (1/2 kg)! A corresponding conversion must therefore be carried out: 1 pound (0.45 kg).

Benadryl (diphenhydramine) Dog 2–4 mg per kilogram of body weight, two to three times a day at 8-hour intervals. Cat 2 mg per kilogram of body weight two to three times a day at 8-hour intervals.

Chlor-Tripolon (chlorphenamine) Dog: 0.2–2 mg/kg BW two to three times a day at 8-hour intervals, Cat: 2–4 mg/kg BW one to two times a day.

Bromelain (enzyme from pineapple): Dog: 40 – 100 mg/kg body weight once a day.

• Antioxidants: Vitamin C and vitamin E can help relieve Itching, moisturize the skin and provide temporary relief.

Vitamin C Dog and Cat: 10 -20 mg/kg BW/day, divided into two individual doses.

Vitamin E Dog: At least 0.6 mg vitamin E per kilo of body weight per day. Cat: 2 mg per kg body weight per day.

 

Regarding 2. Herbal Substances and Supplements to Relieve Atopic DerMatitis in Dogs

Various herbal substances and dietary supplements can have a supportive effect in relieving atopic dermatitis in dogs. Here are some of the most important remedies that can be used to relieve Itching, skin irritation and Inflammatory conditions:

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

• Effect: These essential fatty acids can have an anti-inflammatory effect and strengthen the skin barrier.
• Sources: Fish oil (e.g. salmon oil), linseed oil, hemp oil, krill
• Dosage: For omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), the recommended dosage is approximately 50–100 mg per kg body weight daily.
• Application: A combination with omega-6 fatty acids in a ratio of approximately 5:1 (omega-3 to omega-6) can be beneficial. Fish oil capsules are often a good supplier, while linseed oil can also supply omega-6 fatty acids.

Evening primrose oil

• Effect: Contains gamma-linolenic acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties.
• Source: From the seed of the evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.)
• Dosage: 50–100 mg per kg body weight daily. Evening primrose oil contains approximately 8–10% gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).
• Application: Often available as capsules or drops and can be added directly to the feed or applied externally to affected skin areas. Make sure you use high-quality, cold-pressed oils.

Aloe vera

• Effect: Moisturizes the skin and has a cooling, soothing and anti-inflammatory effect.
• Source: The juice of the Aloe vera is used.
• Dosage: For external application to inflamed skin areas, Aloe vera gel can be applied thinly once or twice a day.
• Application: It is best to use pure, organic Aloe vera gel without additives. Do not apply to open Wounds as it can cause irritation.

Chamomile

• Effect: Anti-inflammatory and soothing.
• Source: Medicinal plant chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
• Dosage: Apply externally as diluted chamomile tea to inflamed skin areas once or twice a day. Pour a maximum of 1 cup daily over the feed.
• Application: Steep a tea bag or 1 teaspoon of chamomile flowers in 250 ml of hot water, allow to cool and apply to the skin. If necessary, use with a cotton ball or in the form of a spray.

Oats

• Effect: Anti-inflammatory (active ingredient: Aventhramides), relieves Itching (active ingredient: Aventramides), antioxidant (active ingredient: Phenolic acids)
• Source: Oatmeal or colloidal oatmeal (finely ground oatmeal)
• Dosage: No limit externally, start with small amounts as a feed additive
• Application: External, bath additive, local application

Coconut oil

• Effect: Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, relieves Itching and relieves pain, contains antioxidants.
• Source: Pulp of the coconut palm pressed
• Dosage: 0.5 – 1 ml/kg body weight
• Application: Apply thinly to the skin or add to the feed in small amounts.

Turmeric

• Effect: Is often described as anti-inflammatory (active ingredient curcumin), but there are no scientifically sound studies to prove this. Therefore, no health-related advertising statements are permitted in the EU!
• Source: Plant turmeric (Curcuma longa)
• Dosage: Approximately 15–20 mg turmeric per kg body weight daily, ideally in combination with a little oil and a pinch of black pepper to increase bioavailability.
• Application: Turmeric can be added to the feed in powder form and is said to have a positive effect on digestive problems. It should be noted that it can leave stains due to the intensity of the color. Start with a lower dose to test tolerance.

Nettle

• Effect: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic
• Source: Plant nettle (Urtica dioica)
• Dosage: Fresh or dried nettle leaves can be administered as a tea (1 teaspoon of dried leaves per 10 kg body weight in 250 ml water, then allow to cool and mix 1–2 tablespoons into the feed).
• Application: Alternatively, dried nettle leaves (1–3 teaspoons depending on the size of the dog), nettle capsules or extracts can be added to the feed. However, doses that are too high can have a diuretic effect.

Green-lipped mussel extract

• Effect: Anti-inflammatory (omega-3 fatty acids), for cats as a natural source of taurine, the glucosamoglycans (GAG) support joint health
• Source: From meat of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus)
• Dosage: 20–30 mg per kg body weight daily. The dosage may vary depending on the product, so follow the package insert.
• Application: Available in capsule or powder form. Often combined with omega-3 fatty acids, administration with the feed.

Probiotics

• Effect: Support intestinal health and can strengthen the immune system.
• Sources: Special probiotics for dogs or natural sources such as natural yogurt (without sugar and additives).
• Dosage: According to the instructions on the packaging
• Application: Feed additive

Quercetin

• Effect: Natural antihistamine, reduction of allergic reactions, anti-inflammatory, relieves Itching and antioxidant
• Sources: Plant dye (flavonoid) in many types of fruit and vegetables; also available as a dietary supplement, so that fruits and vegetables that are incompatible for dogs and cats can be avoided. Also as an extract from the Japanese cord tree.
• Dosage: Approx. 5 mg/kg body weight or according to the instructions on the packaging for products for dogs
• Application: The combination of quercetin and bromelain enhances the positive effect.

Borage oil

• Effect: Rich in omega-6 fatty acids (gamma-linolenic acid), antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, rich in vitamin C, antioxidant, supports skin health.
• Source: Cold-pressed from seeds of the borage plant
• Dosage: Approx. 1 teaspoon/10 kg body weight or according to the manufacturer’s instructions for products for dogs
• Application: Can be added to the feed

 

Notes on the use of these herbal substances and dietary supplements: These preparations are dietary supplements and can have a supportive effect, but do not replace veterinary therapy. Always start with a low dose and increase it slowly to check tolerance. Pay attention to high-quality products and organic standards, especially for oils and extracts. A regular check-up with the veterinarian is recommended to monitor health progress and make adjustments to the dosage if necessary.

 

Regarding 3.: Effect of the Substances Mentioned in Detail – Synergies and Undesirable Interactions

Synergistic Effects

1. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with evening primrose or borage oil

1. • Synergy: Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) have an anti-inflammatory effect, and omega-6 fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) from evening primrose or borage oil, strengthen the skin barrier. Together, they promote well-hydrated and resistant skin that is less susceptible to irritation.
   • Recommendation: The combination should include a balanced ratio of both fatty acids to support maximum skin health. A ratio of 4:1 (omega-3 to omega-6) is often considered optimal.

2. Turmeric and Quercetin

1. • Synergy: Turmeric and Quercetin both have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. While turmeric regulates the inflammatory processes by inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway, Quercetin blocks the release of histamines. Together, they can effectively reduce allergic symptoms, Inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress.
   • Recommendation: Combine both substances in a low dosage and observe the reaction, as they can mutually enhance the anti-inflammatory effects.

3. Green-lipped mussel extract and omega fatty acids

1. • Synergy: In addition to omega-3 fatty acids, green-lipped mussel extract also contains glycosaminoglycans, which promote the cell metabolism of the skin and inhibit inflammatory processes. In combination with additional omega-3 fatty acids, a more intensive anti-inflammatory effect can be achieved, which can be particularly beneficial in more severe cases of atopic dermatitis.
   • Recommendation: Combine low-dose omega-3 fatty acids with a standardized amount of green-lipped mussel extract to keep an eye on the total amount of fatty acids in the body.

4. Probiotics and anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. turmeric, omega-3)

1. • Synergy: Probiotics promote immune balance and help to stabilize the microbiome, which is important for skin health. In combination with anti-inflammatory agents, they can further weaken the reaction to allergens and enhance the effects.
   • Recommendation: This combination can be particularly helpful if the atopic dermatitis is exacerbated by food allergies or intestinal problems.

5. Oats and Aloe vera

1. • Synergy: Oats (especially as a bath additive) and Aloe vera can soothe the skin and relieve Itching. Oats bind moisture and have a soothing effect, while Aloe vera moisturizes the skin and reduces irritation.
   • Recommendation: Both substances are particularly effective for local application and complement each other perfectly in external care.

Possible Negative Interactions and Risks

1. Overdose of omega-6 fatty acids (evening primrose and borage oil)

1. • Risk: An excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids can increase the risk of inflammation in the body if it is not in the correct ratio to omega-3. Although omega-6 is necessary for skin health, quantities should be adjusted.
   • Recommendation: The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 should ideally be 4:1 or even better 5:1 in favor of omega-3 in order not to promote Inflammatory conditions.

2. Turmeric in combination with substances that inhibit blood clotting

1. • Risk: Turmeric has a blood-thinning effect, so in combination with omega-3 fatty acids or Quercetin, which can also affect blood clotting, it can lead to an increased Tendency to bleed.
   • Recommendation: In dogs with bleeding disorders or before planned operations, turmeric should only be administered under veterinary supervision and in low dosages.

3. Combination of Aloe vera and other topical preparations

1. • Risk: In rare cases, Aloe vera can cause skin irritation, especially if other topical agents such as oat baths or chamomile infusions are used at the same time. The simultaneous use of several external applications can also impair the skin’s protective barrier.
   • Recommendation: Alternate between external applications and observe the skin reaction before using several preparations at the same time.

4. Probiotics and immunosuppressants

1. • Risk: In dogs receiving immunosuppressive medications (such as corticosteroids) for atopic dermatitis, certain probiotics may further stimulate the immune system. This could impair the effectiveness of the medications.
   • Recommendation: Only administer probiotics in consultation with the veterinarian if immunosuppressants are being given.

5. Coconut oil and digestive problems

1. • Risk: Coconut oil can cause digestive problems such as Diarrhea in excessive amounts, especially when administered internally. It can also affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
   • Recommendation: Start with a small amount and increase slowly. It is best to apply it locally to care for the skin and reduce the risk of digestive discomfort.

6. Borage oil and liver stress

1. • Risk: Borage oil can be a burden on the liver at very high doses, as it may contain small amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can be harmful to the liver.
   • Recommendation: Only use borage oil products that are PA-free and adhere to recommended dosages.

 

Final recommendations: The use of several preparations can be useful, but should be well planned and coordinated with the veterinarian. It is important to pay attention to an optimal dosage and combination in order to promote the well-being and skin health of the dog without risking negative interactions. A slow approach to the various preparations and a gradual introduction help to identify possible side effects early on and maximize effectiveness.