Acute Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis (Acute Bloody Gastrointestinal Inflammation) in Dogs
- Synonyms: AHGE, Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, HGE, Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS), Hemorrhagic Diarrhea, Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- Occurrence: common
- Location of disease: Abdomen/pelvis
An interesting overview of gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. problems in dogs, supplemented by information on the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. microbiome and the importance of probiotics, can be found here:
AcuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. hemorrhagicHemorrhagic refers to anything related to Bleeding. In medicine, it describes conditions or events that are caused by or characterized by Bleeding, such as hemorrhagic Fever. gastroenteritis (AHG) is a sudden-onset digestive disease in dogs characterized by severe, bloody DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. and frequent Vomiting. This disease can quickly lead to dangerous Fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.) and often requires immediate veterinary treatment.
Das Wichtigste auf einen Blick
Acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a life-threatening, sudden-onset intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. inflammation that manifests as Vomiting and bloody DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. in dogs. Rapid diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients., optimal fluid and electrolyte supply, and an adapted diet are the central building blocks of therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions.. Thanks to intensive research and modern diagnostics, there are good chances of successful treatment, provided that therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. is initiated early.
Ursachen
Acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a disease of the gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. tract mainly caused by Inflammatory conditions of the mucous membranes in the stomach and intestines. This inflammation leads to increased permeability of the blood vessels, resulting in leakage of fluids and red blood cells into the intestineThe intestine is the medical term for the gut, including the small intestine (intestinum tenue) and the large intestine (intestinum crassum). It plays a central role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.. This explains the bloody DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., which is a characteristic symptom of the disease.
From a scientific perspective, it is believed that a combination of viralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases., bacterial, and possibly parasiticParasitic refers to diseases or conditions caused by parasites. Parasitic infections can affect the digestive tract, skin, and other organ systems. infections may play a role in the development of the disease. StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and a sudden change in diet are also considered possible triggers. In addition, a disturbed immune responseAn immune response is the immune system's reaction to foreign substances (antigens), such as microorganisms or proteins. It involves a series of processes aimed at recognizing, fighting, and eliminating these antigens. of the body may be involved in some cases.
Some specific bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease., such as Clostridium perfringens, are often associated with AHG. These bacteriaBacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in almost every environment on Earth. Some types of bacteria are beneficial or even essential to life, while others can cause disease. can produce toxins that damage the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. lining. ViralViral refers to viruses and their effects on the organism. Viral infections in dogs and cats can range from harmless colds to severe, life-threatening diseases. infections such as parvovirus and coronavirus could also affect the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. lining and lead to similar symptoms. However, the exact cause is often not clearly determined.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of acute hemorrhagicHemorrhagic refers to anything related to Bleeding. In medicine, it describes conditions or events that are caused by or characterized by Bleeding, such as hemorrhagic Fever. gastroenteritis are sudden, severe, and often bloody Diarrhea. These can be accompanied by severe Vomiting. Affected dogs often show signs of discomfort, such as AbdominalThe term “abdominal” refers to anything that concerns the belly or the abdomen. It is an adjectival expression used to describe the location, symptoms, or conditions that occur in the abdominal area. pain, loss of appetite, and lethargy.
Due to the significant Fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.), dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse. and electrolyte imbalances are common complications. In severe cases, Cardiovascular collapse can occur, which can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. Fever and pale gums can also be signs of the severity of the disease.
Diagnose
The diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of AHG is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, a thorough physical examination, and lab tests. A detailed historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. is crucial to understand the duration and severity of symptoms as well as possible triggers.
Blood tests are often performed to detect signs of dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse., electrolyte imbalances, and Inflammatory conditions. A complete blood count can help rule out other causes of the symptoms, such as infections or poisonings.
Additional tests, such as ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. or X-rays, may be required to rule out other gastrointestinalGastrointestinal refers to the gastrointestinal tract, a system that extends from the oral cavity to the anus and is responsible for the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. diseases. In some cases, stool samples may be taken and examined for parasites or bacterial infections.
Therapie
Treatment for acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. hemorrhagicHemorrhagic refers to anything related to Bleeding. In medicine, it describes conditions or events that are caused by or characterized by Bleeding, such as hemorrhagic Fever. gastroenteritis focuses on stabilizing the dog and treating the symptoms. Fluid therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. is crucial to compensate for Fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.) and electrolyte imbalanceImbalance refers to an imbalance or disruption of normal function or composition in the body, which can lead to health problems.. Intravenous fluids are often administered to ensure rapid rehydration.
In addition, antiemeticAn antiemetic is a medication used to prevent or relieve Nausea and Vomiting. These drugs work by suppressing activity in the brain's vomiting center or regulating stomach movements. and antidiarrheal medications can be used to relieve symptoms and stabilize bowel function. Antibiotics may be considered if a bacterial infectionAn infection is the colonization and multiplication of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites in an organism, which often, but not always, leads to a disease. is suspected or if there is a risk of secondary infections.
In severe cases, hospitalization in a veterinary hospital may be necessary to ensure optimal monitoring and care. The diet is often changed to easily digestible food to relieve the digestive tract.
Prognose und Nachsorge
The prognosis for dogs with acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is generally good if the disease is recognized and treated early. Most dogs recover completely within a few days after starting treatment.
Untreated, however, the disease can have serious consequences, including Cardiovascular collapse and Death. Therefore, it is important to act quickly at the first signs of AHG and seek veterinary help.
The long-term prospects are positive, and relapses are rare if the underlying causes are identified and managed. However, careful follow-up and monitoring are required to ensure full recovery.
Prävention
PreventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis includes a balanced and consistent diet to avoid sudden changes in the digestive tract. StressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. reduction and careful monitoring of the dog’s environment can also help minimize the risk.
Regular veterinary check-ups and vaccinations are important to detect and treat infections and other health problems early. Hygiene measures, such as cleaning food and water bowls, can help prevent the spread of pathogens.
It is advisable to keep dogs away from potentially contaminatedContaminated describes something that has been polluted by harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or other dangerous substances. In veterinary medicine, this can affect food, water, toys, or the environment. environments and to pay attention to the quality of the drinking water. Switching to new feeds should be done gradually to avoid overtaxing the digestive tract.
Ausblick auf aktuelle Forschung
Current research focuses on the role of the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. microbiome and the importance of Clostridium perfringens (especially NetF-positive strains) in the pathogenesisPathogenesis describes the process of the origin and development of a disease, including the mechanisms that lead to the disease's symptoms and signs. of AHG. Modern molecular detection methods such as quantitative PCR and next-generation sequencing are intended to help better identify pathogenic germs. New immunomodulatoryImmunomodulatory describes the ability of a substance to modify the reaction of the immune system. Immunomodulatory drugs can either stimulate the immune system to fight infections more effectively or suppress it to prevent overreactions. therapies or probiotic approaches are being explored to stabilize the intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. barrier. The influence of nutrition on the microbiota and intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. mucosal regeneration is also the subject of intensive studies.
Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQs)
- What exactly is HGE?
HGE stands for acute hemorrhagicHemorrhagic refers to anything related to Bleeding. In medicine, it describes conditions or events that are caused by or characterized by Bleeding, such as hemorrhagic Fever. gastroenteritis. It manifests in dogs as sudden bloody DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems. and Vomiting. According to Ettinger and Feldman (Textbook of Veterinary Internal MedicineInternal medicine is a medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the internal organs. Internists treat a wide range of diseases that primarily affect adults.), this is considered an emergency because massive Fluid loss (dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse.) can occur. - Is HGE contagiousContagious means infectious. Diseases that can easily be transmitted from one animal to another or from animals to humans are referred to as contagious. to other dogs?
In many cases, no classic contagion is observed as with viral-related diarrheal diseases. Nevertheless, close contact with other dogs should be restricted if bacterial co-factors are suspected. petsvetcheck.de recommends that hygiene and feed management be observed with particular care. - How quickly should I go to the vet?
If HGE is suspected, an immediate visit to the veterinarian is advisable. Even short delays can worsen the dog’s health, as there is a risk of Cardiovascular collapse. - Can I help the dog at home?
In uncomplicated cases, a bland diet and adequate fluid intake can provide relief. However, in the case of significant symptoms (bloody DiarrheaDiarrhea refers to the condition of frequent, watery bowel movements, which can be a sign of infections, digestive disorders, or other health problems., severe Vomiting), clinical treatment is essential. - Are antibiotics always used?
Not in every case. Antibiotics are given when bacterial overgrowth or severe concomitant infections are suspected. The veterinarian decides based on blood counts and clinical findings. - What role does nutrition play in HGE?
Changes in diet or unfamiliar food can be triggers. A light, easily digestible diet supports recovery after Vomiting is controlled. Some experts recommend special diets to relieve the intestines. - Is aftercare important after surviving HGE?
Regular monitoring of blood values and observation of feeding and defecation behavior are useful to detect relapses early. - Can certain breeds be affected more often?
There is evidence that toy and dwarf breeds are more frequently affected by HGE, but in principle the disease can affect any dog. The exact reasons for this have not been conclusively clarified. - What happens if the dog is left untreated?
Untreated HGE can lead to severe dehydrationDehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. This can lead to a number of problems, including headaches, Dizziness, and in extreme cases, renal failure or Cardiovascular collapse., electrolyte imbalances, and circulatory failure. In acuteAcute refers to a condition that occurs suddenly and is usually of short duration. In a medical context, it describes symptoms or illnesses that can quickly become serious and require immediate attention. cases, there is a risk to life. An immediate visit to the veterinarian is therefore essential. - Is a recurrence of HGE possible?
Yes, relapses are possible. Factors such as stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being., changes in diet, or infections can triggerA trigger is a stimulus that elicits a specific reaction or state. In veterinary medicine, this can refer to emotional responses, such as fear or aggression, or medical conditions, such as seizures in dogs and cats. HGE again. A stable intestinalIntestinal refers to the intestine, the part of the digestive tract that extends from the stomach to the anus. Intestinal diseases affect the small and/or large intestine. flora and careful feeding regimes reduce the risk.