Urinary Tract Mycosis (Fungal Infection of the Lower Urinary Tract Caused by Various Types of Fungi) in Dogs

  • Occurrence: common
  • Location of illness: Abdomen/pelvis
Content
Download/Print

Urinary tract mycosis in dogs is an infection of the lower urinary tract caused by various types of fungi. This condition can lead to inflammatory conditions and other health complications if not detected and treated promptly.

The most important facts at a glance

Urinary tract mycoses in dogs are fungal infections caused by the penetration of fungi such as Candida into the urinary tract. These fungi are normally harmless inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes but can become pathogenic in the presence of a weakened immune system. Infections often occur in the bladder and urethra. A weakened immune system, caused by diseases such as diabetes or long-term antibiotic therapy, can increase the risk of infection. Common symptoms include frequent urination, Pain during urination, and blood in the urine. Diagnosis is made through clinical examinations and laboratory analysis of the urine to detect fungi. A urine culture helps to identify the fungal species and determine its sensitivity to antifungals. Treatment includes the administration of antifungals such as fluconazole and the treatment of underlying conditions. The prognosis is good with early treatment, but severe infections can cause permanent damage. Prevention includes strengthening the immune system through a balanced diet, limited use of antibiotics, and regular veterinary check-ups. Good hygiene and adequate hydration are also important to reduce the risk of infection.

Causes

Mycoses are fungal infections caused by the penetration of fungi into the body. In dogs, various types of fungi can infect the urinary tract, with the most common pathogens being Candida species. These fungi are normally harmless inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes but can become pathogenic in the presence of a weakened immune system or changes in the body’s environment.

The urinary tract consists of several components, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. A fungal infection can occur in any of these areas but is most common in the lower urinary tract – i.e., the bladder and urethra. Fungi can enter the urinary tract through the bloodstream or directly through the urethra.

Causes of urinary tract mycosis include a weakened immune system, for example, due to diseases such as diabetes or the long-term use of antibiotics, which disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms. Anatomical abnormalities or injuries to the urinary tract can also increase the risk of infection.

Symptoms

Rare symptoms:

Dogs with urinary tract mycosis may show a variety of symptoms, often similar to those of a bacterial Urinary tract infection. The most common symptoms include increased Urinary urgency, Pain during urination, and blood in the urine. Affected dogs may also show signs of general discomfort, such as Fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy.

In some cases, there may be excessive grooming of the genital area as the dog tries to relieve the Itching or discomfort. In more severe infections, kidney function may be impaired, which can manifest as increased thirst and increased urination.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of urinary tract mycosis is usually made through a combination of medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. A urinalysis is crucial to detect fungi and rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. The urine is examined microscopically to identify fungal spores or hyphae.

In addition, a urine culture can be performed, in which the urine is incubated on a special culture medium to promote the growth of fungi. This method not only allows the identification of the fungal species but also the determination of its sensitivity to antifungals.

In some cases, imaging diagnostics such as ultrasound or X-ray can be used to identify structural abnormalities in the urinary tract that could increase the risk of infection. A blood test can also be helpful to assess the dog’s general health and rule out other systemic diseases.

Therapy

Treatment of urinary tract mycosis in dogs typically requires the use of antifungals specifically effective against the identified fungal species. The choice of appropriate medication depends on the type of fungus and its sensitivity, which is determined by urine culture.

Commonly used antifungals include fluconazole and itraconazole, which are administered orally. Treatment can last several weeks to months, depending on the severity of the infection and the dog’s response to therapy.

In addition to medication, it is important to address underlying factors that may have contributed to the infection, such as managing diabetes or discontinuing excessive antibiotic therapy. Regular check-ups and urinalysis are crucial to monitor treatment success and prevent relapses.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for dogs with urinary tract mycosis depends on several factors, including the speed of diagnosis, the severity of the infection, and the response to treatment. With early detection and appropriate therapy, the prognosis is generally good, and most dogs recover completely.

However, severe or long-lasting infections, especially those affecting the kidneys, can lead to permanent damage. In such cases, the prognosis is more guarded, and long-term medical monitoring may be required to maintain the dog’s health.

Prevention

Prevention of urinary tract mycoses in dogs involves minimizing risk factors and promoting a healthy immune system. A balanced diet and regular veterinary check-ups can help strengthen the dog’s immune system and detect health problems early.

It is important to limit the use of antibiotics to what is necessary to maintain a healthy microbial balance in the body. In dogs with chronic diseases that increase the risk of fungal infections, close monitoring and regular medical care should be provided.

Maintaining good hygiene, especially in the dog’s genital area, can also help reduce the risk of infection. Owners should ensure that their dog drinks enough to flush the urinary tract regularly and prevent the accumulation of microorganisms.

Content
Download/Print