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Regurgitation of Food in cats

Regurgitation, also known as regurgitation of food, is the passive backflow of undigested food from the esophagus in cats, without the typical signs of vomiting such as nausea or gagging.

Can Occur with the Following Diseases:

Basics and possible causes

Regurgitation differs from vomiting in that the process is passive and does not require the involvement of the stomach or central nervous system. In cats, regurgitation occurs when food is not successfully transported to the stomach, indicating a disorder in the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach. Various mechanisms can impair this transport.

A common cause of regurgitation is a mechanical blockage in the esophagus, such as that caused by a foreign body, a stricture (narrowing), or a mass such as a tumor. Such blockages prevent food from being passed on normally, causing it to flow back. Another cause could be a malfunction of the esophageal muscles, known as megaesophagus. This condition causes the esophagus to dilate and lose its ability to actively transport food into the stomach.

Neurological problems affecting the nerve supply to the esophagus can also lead to regurgitation. These problems can result from damage to the nerves that control esophageal function and can be caused by diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system. In addition, inflammatory conditions such as esophagitis, an inflammation of the esophageal lining caused by irritants or infections, can also lead to regurgitation.

In some cases, congenital anomalies that occur in young cats may be the cause. These include persistent right aortic arch, a malformation that causes narrowing of the esophagus and thus difficulty in ingesting food. Finally, metabolic disorders, such as hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency, can also indirectly affect the function of the esophagus and trigger regurgitation.

Typical accompanying symptoms

Weight loss: If the cat regularly regurgitates food, it may not be able to absorb enough nutrients, leading to gradual weight loss. Affected cats may lose weight despite a normal or increased appetite.
Cough: If food or liquid gets into the trachea, this can cause cough or even respiratory distress, indicating possible aspiration pneumonia, a serious complication.
Pain on swallowing: Cats that have problems swallowing may show difficulties when they eat, e.g. increased salivation or frequent swallowing.
Salivation: Excessive salivation can occur if the esophagus or pharynx is irritated, which often accompanies regurgitation.
Vomiting: Although regurgitation is not the same as vomiting, cats that show regurgitation may occasionally also vomit, especially if they are trying to rid the esophagus of irritants.

When to visit the vet?

It is important to see a veterinarian if your cat regularly regurgitates food, as this may indicate serious health problems. A visit to the veterinarian is particularly urgent if the cat also shows signs of aspiration pneumonia, such as cough, respiratory distress or fever. You should also act quickly if the cat is rapidly losing weight or shows signs of pain on swallowing.

A visit to the veterinarian is also necessary if the regurgitation is accompanied by other symptoms that could indicate a systemic disease, such as lethargy or general weakness. As regurgitation can be due to a variety of causes, a professional diagnosis is essential to identify and treat the underlying cause.

Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures

It is important for the pet owner to observe the cat’s behavior closely. Regurgitation often occurs shortly after eating and the ejected food is usually undigested and tubular, as it retains the shape of the esophagus. In contrast, vomited food is usually partially digested and accompanied by gastric fluid.

The veterinarian will perform a thorough anamnesis and physical examination to distinguish between regurgitation and vomiting. An X-ray of the esophagus can be used to identify a blockage or structural abnormalities. If megaesophagus or other functional disorders are suspected, a contrast medium study may be necessary. Endoscopy can also be used to examine the esophagus directly and take samples for biopsy.

In addition, blood tests can be performed to rule out systemic diseases that could affect esophageal function. In some cases, a neurological examination may also be necessary to identify possible neurological causes of the regurgitation.

What can pet owners do and professional therapy options

As a pet owner, you can take some measures to reduce the risk of regurgitation while waiting for a veterinary diagnosis and treatment. This includes changing the feeding height by placing the bowls higher up, which uses gravity to transport the food into the stomach. In addition, the food can be divided into smaller, more frequent meals to reduce the pressure on the esophagus.

It is also important to keep the cat in an upright position after it has eaten to minimize the risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Avoid giving the cat hard or large pieces of food that are more difficult to swallow. Moist or pureed food may be easier to manage. Make sure that the cat always has access to fresh water to avoid dehydration.

If the cat shows signs of respiratory distress or severe cough, it should be taken to a veterinarian immediately, as this could indicate aspiration pneumonia, which requires immediate treatment. Adhering to the veterinarian’s instructions and regularly monitoring the cat are crucial to improving the cat’s condition and avoiding possible complications.

Outlook on current research

Regurgitation of food, also known as regurgitation, is a commonly observed symptom in cats that can have various causes. In current veterinary medical research, great emphasis is placed on distinguishing between regurgitation and vomiting, as they require different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The distinction is based on the way the food is expelled, with regurgitation being a passive process without signs such as nausea or gagging. Current studies use advanced imaging techniques such as endoscopy and X-rays with contrast media to better understand the anatomy and function of the upper digestive tract.

Another focus of research is on identifying biomarkers that could help to better diagnose the underlying causes of regurgitation. Genetic studies in cats with known predispositions to certain anatomical anomalies, such as megaesophagus, provide insights into the genetic factors that may contribute to the development of these symptoms. Researchers are working to reduce the occurrence of such diseases through targeted breeding programs and genetic testing.

In addition, nutritional therapy is being researched to understand how special diets can affect the frequency and severity of regurgitation in cats. Studies focus on the composition of the food, including texture and nutrient content, to develop food that is easier to digest and less likely to be regurgitated. Research is also being conducted into how feeding techniques, such as raising the food bowl or more frequent, smaller meals, can reduce the risk of regurgitation.

In pharmacology, new drugs are being explored that specifically target the reduction of regurgitation by improving the motility of the esophagus or strengthening the function of the lower esophageal sphincter. The development of such drugs could play a significant role in the future treatment of cats with chronic regurgitation.

Ongoing research aims not only to improve diagnostic and treatment options, but also to develop preventive strategies. In the long term, these could help to improve the quality of life of cats with regurgitation and their owners.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between regurgitation and vomiting in cats? Regurgitation is a passive process in which undigested food is expelled from the esophagus, often without warning or effort. Vomiting, on the other hand, is an active process that is accompanied by nausea, gagging and contractions of the abdomen.
What symptoms often accompany regurgitation in cats? In addition to the actual regurgitation of food, symptoms such as cough, weight loss or nasal discharge may occur, especially if the food gets into the airways.
How can I tell if my cat is suffering from regurgitation? Pay attention to the appearance of undigested food that is similar in shape and consistency to the food in the bowl. It often happens without warning, unlike vomiting, which is often accompanied by gagging.
What home remedies can help with regurgitation? There are no specific home remedies, but small, frequent meals and raising the food bowl can help to use gravity to facilitate the transport of food into the stomach.
Should I take my cat to the vet if it regurgitates food? Yes, it is important to see a veterinarian to diagnose the underlying cause and start appropriate treatment. Chronic regurgitation can lead to serious health problems.
Can stress trigger regurgitation in cats? Yes, stress can affect digestion and lead to an increased likelihood of regurgitation. Stress reduction and a calm environment can help to reduce this.
How can food selection affect regurgitation? Special diets with easily digestible ingredients and adapted texture can reduce the risk of regurgitation. It is advisable to seek advice from a veterinarian to make the best food choice.
Are there any medications that can be helpful for regurgitation? Yes, there are medications that can improve the motility of the esophagus or strengthen the function of the lower esophageal sphincter. These should only be administered under veterinary supervision.
Can regurgitation disappear on its own? In some cases, especially if it is triggered by a temporary cause such as stress or a change in diet, it may improve on its own. However, a veterinary examination is necessary for persistent or frequent cases.
What long-term complications can occur as a result of regurgitation? Chronic regurgitation can lead to weight loss, malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia if food gets into the airways. It is important to treat the underlying cause to avoid these complications.

Are you unsure what is wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our symptom checker for more clarity.