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Prolapsed Third Eyelid (Nictitating Membrane) in Dogs

Prolapse of the third eyelid, also known as prolapsed nictitating membrane, is a condition in which the dog’s third eyelid, normally hidden in the inner corner of the eye, becomes visible and protrudes over part of the eye.

Can Occur with the Following Diseases:

Basics and possible causes

The third eyelid, also called the nictitating membrane, is a thin membrane in the inner corner of a dog’s eye that has a protective function for the eye. It helps protect the eye from foreign objects, distributes tear fluid evenly, and can swell in the event of injury or irritation.

Prolapse of the third eyelid can have various causes. A common cause is an inflammatory condition or irritation of the eye, which causes the nictitating membrane to protrude to protect the eye. Infections, allergies, or foreign bodies can cause irritation.

Another possible cause is the so-called “Cherry Eye”, in which the gland of the third eyelid protrudes. This gland is responsible for producing part of the tear fluid and can become inflamed or loosen, leading to a visible prolapse.

A prolapsed nictitating membrane can also be a symptom of systemic diseases, such as dehydration, neurological disorders, or certain infectious diseases. Sometimes the prolapse occurs in connection with other eye diseases such as corneal ulcers or conjunctivitis.

Typical accompanying symptoms

A visible, pink to reddish tissue that partially or completely covers parts of the eye, often in the inner corner of the eye. This can occur suddenly.
Increased blinking or winking of the affected eye, which may indicate discomfort or irritation.
Tearing or discharge from the eye, which can be clear, yellowish, or greenish, depending on the underlying cause.
Redness or swelling of the eye or surrounding tissues, indicating an inflammatory condition.
The dog may rub its paw over the eye more often or rub its face on furniture, which is a sign of itching or pain.
In some cases, there may be reduced vision if the third eyelid partially blocks the field of vision.

When to visit the vet?

A visit to the vet is absolutely necessary if the prolapse of the third eyelid occurs suddenly or is accompanied by other symptoms such as severe discharge, redness or obvious pain. These signs may indicate a serious infection or injury that requires immediate treatment.

If the dog shows signs of systemic diseases, such as lethargy, loss of appetite or fever, a vet should also be consulted as soon as possible. These symptoms may indicate that the prolapsed nictitating membrane is part of a larger health problem.

Even if the prolapse does not appear immediately threatening, it is advisable to have the situation clarified by a vet in order to determine the underlying cause and start appropriate treatment.

Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures

For the pet owner, the prolapse of the third eyelid is relatively easy to recognize, as the normally hidden tissue suddenly becomes visible. It is important to carefully observe the affected eye and watch out for additional symptoms such as discharge or redness.

The vet will carry out a thorough examination of the eye to determine the cause of the prolapsed nictitating membrane. This may include an examination with a special light source and a magnifying glass to check the eye for foreign bodies, injuries or signs of infection.

In addition, the vet can carry out special tests, such as a Schirmer tear test to measure tear production, or a fluorescein stain to detect corneal ulcers. In some cases, blood tests or other diagnostic tests may be necessary to rule out systemic diseases.

What can pet owners do and professional therapy options

Until the veterinary examination, pet owners should try to keep the affected eye clean and avoid further irritation. A soft, damp cloth can be used to gently remove any discharge around the eye.

It is important to prevent the dog from rubbing the eye, as this could make the problem worse. A protective collar, also known as an Elizabethan collar, can help protect the eye until veterinary treatment is possible.

Avoid using over-the-counter eye drops or ointments without veterinary advice, as these could worsen the situation or be inappropriate for the underlying cause. The best course of action is to see a vet as soon as possible to get an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Outlook on current research

Current research into prolapse of the third eyelid in dogs focuses on various aspects to develop a better understanding and effective treatment options. Scientists are investigating the exact mechanisms that lead to prolapse of the third eyelid. In particular, the role of genetic factors and breed predispositions is being analyzed. Studies show that certain dog breeds such as Cocker Spaniels, Beagles and Basset Hounds have a higher susceptibility to this symptom. Genetic studies aim to identify specific genes that are associated with this susceptibility. These findings could support targeted breeding programs in the future to minimize the risk.

Another focus of the research is on the development and evaluation of new treatment methods. Traditionally, surgery has been considered the standard treatment to return the third eyelid to its normal position. However, there is an increasing number of studies dealing with conservative treatment methods such as special eye medications and therapeutic massages. These approaches may be less invasive and more suitable for certain cases. The effectiveness and long-term stability of such treatments are the focus in order to find out whether they represent a viable alternative to surgery.

The role of environmental factors is also being investigated to understand how external influences can affect the occurrence of prolapsed nictitating membrane. Researchers are analyzing whether environmental conditions such as air pollution or allergens increase the risk or worsen symptoms. Such information could lead to preventive measures that reduce the occurrence of this symptom. In addition, innovative diagnostic procedures are being tested that enable early detection. Advances in imaging technology and molecular diagnostics could enable more precise and less invasive diagnoses.

Overall, the research aims to provide more comprehensive information about the causes and best treatment approaches for prolapse of the third eyelid in dogs. Through the integration of genetic, therapeutic and environmental findings, scientists hope to sustainably improve the quality of life of affected dogs.

Frequently asked questions

What is the third eyelid in dogs? The third eyelid, also called the nictitating membrane, is a thin membrane in the inner corner of the dog’s eye. It protects the eye and distributes tear fluid.
How do I recognize a prolapsed nictitating membrane in my dog? Prolapse of the third eyelid is characterized by a visible, often reddish or pink mass that protrudes in the inner corner of the eye. It may be accompanied by watery eyes or irritation.
What are the causes of prolapse of the third eyelid? The prolapse can be caused by genetic predisposition, injuries, infections or inflammatory conditions. Certain breeds are more susceptible to this symptom.
Is a prolapsed nictitating membrane painful for the dog? The prolapse itself can be uncomfortable and cause irritation, but it is not necessarily painful. However, it can lead to complications that can be painful, such as infections or ulcers.
How is prolapse of the third eyelid diagnosed? A vet usually diagnoses the prolapse by a physical examination of the eye. Further tests may be necessary to identify underlying causes.
Can a prolapsed nictitating membrane heal on its own? In some cases, the prolapse may resolve on its own, especially if it was caused by temporary irritation. However, treatment is often necessary to permanently resolve the problem.
What treatment options are there for a prolapsed nictitating membrane? Treatment can be conservative, such as with eye drops or massages, or surgical to return the third eyelid to its position. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and the cause.
Is surgery to correct the prolapse risky? As with any surgery, there are risks, but most procedures to correct prolapsed nictitating membrane are routine and have a high success rate. The risks and benefits should be discussed with the vet.
Can prolapse of the third eyelid be prevented? Prevention is difficult, especially with genetic predispositions. However, regular eye examinations and avoiding eye injuries can be helpful in minimizing the risk.
What happens if a prolapsed nictitating membrane is left untreated? If the prolapse is left untreated, this can lead to chronic irritation, infections or permanent eye damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid complications.

Are you unsure what is wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our symptom checker for more clarity.