Food Maldigestion/Malabsorption in Dogs
If a dog suffers from food maldigestion/malabsorption, it means that its digestive system is unable to break down and absorb the ingested food into nutrients. This can lead to various health problems, as the dog’s body does not receive the necessary nutrients it needs to function properly.
Can Occur with the Following Diseases:
Basics and possible causes
Digestion in dogs begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. It then passes into the stomach, where gastric acids and enzymes further break down the food. The intestine then absorbs the nutrients, while the indigestible parts of the food are excreted. If a dog suffers from food maldigestion/malabsorption, it may mean that part of this process is disrupted.
One of the most common causes of digestive problems in dogs is an insufficient production of digestive enzymes, known as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). With EPI, the pancreas does not produce enough enzymes to break down food, resulting in poor nutrient absorption.
Other causes can include gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), food intolerances or allergies, and parasites such as worms. Infections from bacteria or viruses, such as parvovirus or giardia, can also lead to digestive disorders.
Structural problems, such as constrictions or tumors in the digestive tract, can hinder the passage of food. Stress, a sudden change in diet, or the ingestion of indigestible objects can also affect digestion.
Typical accompanying symptoms
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Vomiting: Repeated vomiting can be an indicator that the dog is not digesting food properly. It occurs when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus and are expelled.
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Diarrhea: Frequent, liquid stools are another sign of digestive problems. It can indicate a disturbed absorption of water and nutrients in the intestine.
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Weight loss: A dog that does not absorb enough nutrients from its food will lose weight as the body draws on its reserves.
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Flatulence: Excessive gas production may indicate food maldigestion/malabsorption of carbohydrates or other food components.
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Loss of appetite: A dog with digestive problems may lose its appetite because it feels uncomfortable after eating.
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Changed eating behavior: The dog may eat more or less than usual or start eating grass or inedible objects.
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Lethargy: A lack of nutrients can lead to a lack of energy and lethargy.
When to visit the vet?
A veterinarian should be consulted if the dog suffers from vomiting or diarrhea for an extended period of time, especially if there is blood in the vomit or stool. Sudden weight loss or persistent loss of appetite should also be taken seriously.
If other symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, or weakness occur in addition to the digestive problems, an immediate veterinary examination is necessary.
A visit to the vet is also advisable if home remedies or dietary adjustments do not bring any improvement or if the dog's condition worsens.
Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures
It is important for the pet owner to recognize changes in the dog’s digestive behavior early on. Observations about vomiting, diarrhea, changes in weight and appetite should be noted precisely to allow the veterinarian to make a comprehensive anamnesis.
The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination and may order blood tests, stool tests, or imaging procedures such as X-rays or ultrasound to determine the cause of the digestive problems.
In some cases, an endoscopy may be necessary to look directly into the gastrointestinal tract and take samples for a biopsy, especially if inflammatory bowel disease or tumors are suspected.
Based on the diagnostic results, the veterinarian will suggest an appropriate treatment that targets the specific cause of the digestive problems.
What can pet owners do and professional therapy options
At home, the pet owner can take some measures to improve the dog’s condition. This includes initially switching the dog to an easily digestible diet consisting of cooked chicken and rice or special easily digestible diets from specialist retailers.
It is important to keep the dog hydrated, especially if it is suffering from diarrhea or vomiting. Fresh water should be constantly available, and in some cases an electrolyte solution may be necessary to compensate for the fluid loss (dehydration).
The pet owner should also ensure that the dog does not eat any indigestible or potentially harmful objects that could further impair digestion. This can be done by using chew toys or removing such objects from the dog’s environment.
If the veterinarian prescribes medication or supplements to support digestion, these should be given as directed. Enzyme preparations can help with EPI, while probiotics can support the balance of the intestinal flora.
The pet owner should schedule regular follow-up appointments with the veterinarian to monitor progress and adjust treatment if necessary. Close cooperation with the veterinarian is crucial to address the cause of the digestive problems and ensure the dog’s long-term health.
Are you unsure what is wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our symptom checker for more clarity.