Hair Loss (Alopecia) in cats
Hair loss, medically referred to as alopecia, is the loss of fur in cats that goes beyond the normal level of shedding. It can occur locally or be distributed throughout the body and is often a sign of underlying health problems.
Can Occur with the Following Diseases:
- Feline Lick Dermatitis (Skin Lesions Due to Constant Licking)
- Cheyletiellosis Caused by Cheyletiella Mites (Parasitic Infection with Fur Mites, “Walking Dandruff”)
- Dermatophilosis Caused by Dermatophilus Congolensis (Bacterial Skin Infections Caused by Dermatophilus Species, Rain Scald, Rain Eczema)
- Dermatophytosis with Microsporum Canis (Fungal Infection of the Skin with Microsporum Species, Ringworm)
- Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (Allergic Inflammatory Conditions of the Skin and Mouth)
- Epidermotropic Lymphoma (Skin Cancer Originating from White Blood Cells, the Lymphocytes)
- Exfoliative Dermatitis (Scaling, Reddened Skin)
- Feline Herpesvirus Infection, FHV (Feline Cold Caused by Herpesvirus Infection)
- Feline Pediculosis (Lice)
- Flea Allergy Dermatitis (Hypersensitivity to Flea Infestation)
- Food Allergy (Food Intolerance)
- Infection with Staphylococcus Species, E.G., Staphyloccocus Aureus (Bacterial Infection with Staphylococci)
- Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors (Mast Cell Tumors of the Skin)
- Leishmaniasis (Parasitic Infection Caused by Leishmania Species)
- Malassezia Dermatitis (Fungal Skin Infections with Malassezia Species)
- Notoedres Mange, Notoedrosis (Parasitic Infection with Notoedres Mites, Feline Scabies)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Systemic Autoimmune Disease)
- Vacuolar Hepatopathy (Liver Disease Due to Elevated Blood Sugar Levels, Steroid-Induced Liver Disease)
- Poisoning from Hormone Replacement Therapy for Humans
- Skin Allergies
- Pyoderma (Bacterial Skin Infection)
- Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis (Degenerative Skin Disease)
- Ovarian Tumors
- Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Skin and Mucous Membrane Cancer)
- Vesiculopustular Dermatoses (Pustules on the Skin)
- Paraneoplastic Syndrome of the Skin (Skin Changes Related to Cancer)
- Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's Disease)
- Paraneoplastic Syndrome (Side Effects of Cancer)
- Demodicosis (Parasitic Skin Infection with Demodex Mites, Demodex Mange)
- Hyperadrenocorticism, Cushing's Disease, Feline Cushing's Syndrome (Overactive Adrenal Gland)
- Primary Hyperaldosteronism, PHA (Overproduction of the Hormone Aldosterone, Conn's Syndrome)
- Sebaceous Adenitis (Inflammation of the Sebaceous Glands)
Basics and possible causes
Hair loss in cats can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from harmless seasonal changes to serious health problems. A basic understanding of the cat’s skin and coat structure is helpful in recognizing the causes of alopecia. Cats have a dense coat layer consisting of primary hairs and fine underhairs. The coat protects the skin and helps regulate body temperature.
Hormonal imbalances, such as those that occur with thyroid diseases or adrenal gland diseases, can lead to hair loss. These hormones regulate many bodily functions, including hair growth, and an imbalance can disrupt the normal cycle of hair growth.
Parasites such as fleas, mites, or lice are common causes of hair loss in cats. These parasites can irritate the skin, leading to intense scratching and licking, which in turn exacerbates hair loss. Allergic reactions to environmental factors or food components can also play a role.
Infections, both bacterial and fungal, can attack the cat’s skin and cause hair loss. Ringworm, a common fungal infection, leads to circular, bald spots and is highly contagious.
Psychogenic factors, such as stress or boredom, can also lead to hair loss. Cats that are under stress tend to lick or scratch excessively, leading to hair loss. This type of alopecia is often referred to as psychogenic lick alopecia.
Typical accompanying symptoms
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Bald spots: Localized areas without hair are often the most noticeable sign of alopecia. The affected areas may be smooth or scaly.
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Redness or skin irritation: The affected skin areas may be reddened or inflamed, indicating an underlying irritation or infection.
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Scratching or licking: Frequent scratching or licking of the affected areas indicates itching or discomfort.
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Scaling: Scales may be visible on the skin, especially in cases of dryness or infection.
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Behavioral changes: Cats may withdraw or appear irritated due to discomfort or itching.
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Weight loss or appetite changes: In systemic diseases, weight loss or changes in appetite may occur in addition to alopecia.
When to visit the vet?
A visit to the veterinarian is urgently needed if the hair loss occurs suddenly and for no apparent reason or is accompanied by other symptoms such as severe itching, wounds, or behavioral changes. A veterinarian should also be consulted if the hair loss persists or worsens despite home measures.
Severe cases of hair loss that are accompanied by open wounds, severe redness, or a secondary infection also require immediate veterinary care. These symptoms may indicate a serious health problem that requires professional diagnosis and treatment.
Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures
It is important for the pet owner to observe the hair loss closely and document any accompanying symptoms. Information about the cat’s diet, behavior, and any current or previous health problems can be helpful to the veterinarian. Photos of the affected areas can also be useful.
The veterinarian will first perform a thorough clinical examination. This may include blood tests to detect hormonal imbalances or infections. Skin scrapings or fur samples can be examined for parasites or fungal infections. A biopsy of the skin may be necessary in some cases to rule out more serious conditions.
If an allergic reaction is suspected, allergy tests can be performed. This can be done through exclusion diets or special blood tests to identify the specific allergens.
What can pet owners do and professional therapy options
The pet owner can take some measures to relieve the cat’s discomfort and support the healing process. It is important to keep the affected areas clean and dry to prevent infections. Regularly brushing the coat can help remove loose hair and promote blood circulation to the skin.
A balanced diet rich in essential fatty acids can support coat growth and improve skin health. The pet owner should ensure that the cat has access to enough fresh water to support skin hydration.
Stress reduction is also an important factor. Ensuring that the cat has a calm and safe environment can help prevent psychogenic alopecia. Toys and interactive occupation can help relieve boredom and reduce stress.
If parasites are the cause of the hair loss, appropriate antiparasitic agents should be used as recommended by the veterinarian. It is crucial to follow the instructions carefully to ensure the cat’s safety.
Are you unsure what is wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our symptom checker for more clarity.