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Bruising (Hematoma) in cats

Bruising, also known as hematoma, is an accumulation of blood that collects outside the blood vessels under the skin or in the tissues of a cat. They are caused by blood leaking from injured blood vessels and can vary in size and depth.

Can Occur with the Following Diseases:

Basics and possible causes

Bruises in cats often result from direct trauma, such as falls, collisions, or bites. When an injury occurs, the blood vessels under the skin are damaged, causing blood to leak into the surrounding tissue. The skin may then show a reddish, bluish, or purple discoloration that turns yellow or green over time as the body breaks down the blood.

Another possible origin for hematomas is blood clotting disorders. These can be congenital or caused by various conditions such as liver problems or the use of certain medications. In such disorders, the blood cannot clot properly, leading to an increased tendency to bleed and bruising.

Infections or inflammatory conditions can also contribute to the formation of hematomas by weakening or damaging the blood vessels. In rare cases, tumors or other growths in a cat’s body can lead to bruising by putting pressure on or infiltrating the blood vessels.

Typical accompanying symptoms

Swelling: Hematomas often cause swelling in the affected area, which can be painful to the sensitivity to touch. This swelling can feel warm and impair the cat’s mobility, depending on where it is located.
Discoloration: The skin over a hematoma can go through a range of colors, starting with red or blue, then purple, and finally yellow or green as the healing process progresses.
Pain: Cats with hematomas may show symptoms of pain, such as hesitating to touch or move a certain area, or they may show signs of discomfort or irritability.
Lethargy: In some cases, especially if the bruising is caused by an underlying condition, cats may appear lethargic or be less active than usual.
Loss of appetite: Pain or discomfort can lead to a decreased appetite. This may be especially true for hematomas in the mouth or face area.

When to visit the vet?

A visit to the vet is strongly advised if the bruises are large, rapidly increasing in size, or the cat seems to be in severe pain. Also, if the cat shows other symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness, pale gums, or unexplained weight loss, a veterinarian should be consulted immediately.

A vet visit is also necessary if a cat repeatedly gets bruises without an obvious trauma. This could indicate an underlying health condition that requires examination and treatment.

If a cat develops bruises after being given new medication or after surgery, the vet should be informed to rule out possible side effects or complications.

Symptom recognition for animal owners and veterinary diagnostic procedures

For the pet owner, detecting hematomas can be difficult, especially in cats with dense or dark fur. Palpating the cat for unusual bumps or swelling can help detect hematomas. If the cat shows signs of pain or discomfort, this could also indicate a hematoma.

The veterinarian will thoroughly examine the cat to determine the exact cause of the bruising. This may include a physical examination, blood tests to rule out coagulation disorders, and imaging procedures such as X-rays or ultrasound to assess deeper tissues.

In some cases, a biopsy or fine needle aspiration may be necessary to ensure that there are no tumors or other serious conditions. The veterinarian will also consider the cat’s medical history and ask questions about possible injuries, medications, and symptoms.

What can pet owners do and professional therapy options

As a first measure, the pet owner can try to gently cool the affected area to reduce pain and swelling. However, this should only be done if the cat allows it and does not react stressed or frightened.

It is important to keep the cat as calm as possible to avoid further injury. Avoid moving or activating the cat too much until the vet has assessed the situation.

The pet owner should also ensure that the cat has access to water and food, but pay attention to whether it shows signs of pain or discomfort when eating or drinking. A soft, safe environment can help minimize stress and the risk of further injury.

Avoid using medication without veterinary advice, as many human pain relievers can be toxic to cats. The veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate medications and treatments to relieve pain and promote healing.

Outlook on current research

Research on bruising (hematoma) in cats is a growing area of veterinary medical science. Bruises occur when blood vessels under the skin are damaged, leading to an accumulation of blood in the tissue. Current studies focus on understanding the mechanisms that influence the formation of hematomas in cats. Researchers are particularly looking at the role of coagulation disorders and the effect of trauma on blood vessels. These investigations aim to develop more precise diagnostic tools and more effective treatment protocols.

A key area of research is the genetic predisposition of some cat breeds to blood clotting disorders, which can increase susceptibility to hematomas. Studies are trying to identify the genetic markers associated with an increased tendency to bleed. This could lead to breeding measures in the future that reduce the risk of such problems. In addition, research is being conducted on how environmental factors, such as diet and stress, can affect the frequency and severity of hematomas.

Another exciting area of research deals with the development of new diagnostic methods. The use of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and MRI, is being investigated to better determine the exact location and size of hematomas. In addition, blood tests are being developed that can identify specific biomarkers for bruising in cats. These tests could allow early detection of bruising, even before visible symptoms appear.

Treatment strategies for hematomas are also the subject of intensive research. The use of drugs that affect blood clotting is being explored to accelerate the healing of hematomas. In addition, alternative therapies such as the application of cold compresses or special ointments are being investigated to relieve symptoms and promote the resorption of the hematoma. The combination of traditional and alternative treatment methods could enable optimized care for cat symptoms in the future.

Although research on hematomas in cats is still in its early stages, current studies promise to significantly expand the understanding of bruising in cats. This could lead to significant advances in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, which would ultimately improve the quality of life of the affected animals.

Frequently asked questions

What are the most common signs of a bruise in cats? The most common signs of a bruise in cats are skin discoloration, swelling, and sensitivity to touch. In some cases, the cat may also show signs of pain or lick or scratch the affected area.
Can bruises in cats heal on their own? Yes, smaller bruises can often heal on their own, as the body gradually breaks down the blood in the tissue. However, it is important to observe the cat and consult a veterinarian for larger or painful bruises.
What should I do if I discover a bruise on my cat? If you discover a bruise on your cat, you should observe the area closely. If the bruise gets larger, the cat is in pain, or shows other symptoms, you should see a veterinarian. A thorough examination is important to rule out serious health problems.
Are there home remedies to support the healing process of bruises in cats? Some home remedies, such as cold compresses, can help reduce swelling and support the healing process. However, it is important to use these remedies with caution and observe the cat closely. If you are uncertain, a veterinarian should always be consulted.
Can bruises in cats be a sign of a more serious problem? Yes, bruises can indicate more serious health problems such as coagulation disorders or injuries. If your cat frequently develops bruises or shows other symptoms, a veterinarian should be consulted to clarify the cause.
How long does it usually take for a bruise to heal in a cat? The healing time of a bruise in a cat depends on the size and severity. Smaller bruises can heal within one to two weeks, while larger or deeper hematomas may take longer. Close observation is important to monitor the healing process.
How does a hematoma differ from a simple scratch in cats? A hematoma is an accumulation of blood under the skin that leads to discoloration and swelling, while a scratch is an open wound on the skin surface. Hematomas are usually painful and can be deeper in the tissue than scratches.
Can a poor diet increase the tendency to bruise in cats? Yes, an inadequate diet can impair the health of blood vessels and lead to coagulation disorders, which can increase the tendency to bruise. A balanced diet is important to promote the overall health and well-being of your cat.
Should I always check my cat for bruises after a trauma? Yes, after a trauma, it is advisable to check your cat for bruising or other injuries. Hematomas can be a sign of internal injuries that may require veterinary treatment.
Can vaccinations cause bruising in cats? In rare cases, vaccinations can lead to small bruises at the injection site. These are usually harmless and disappear on their own. However, if you notice unusual swelling or other reactions, you should inform your veterinarian.

Are you unsure what is wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our symptom checker for more clarity.