Introduction to computed tomography (CT)
Our introduction is designed to help you make informed decisions about your pet’s health. When an emergency occurs, it is crucial to act quickly and make the correct diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) is often an indispensable tool in this process.
What is Computed Tomography?
Computed tomography is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. This technology allows veterinarians to precisely examine internal structures such as organs, bones, and tissues.
Benefits of CT in Veterinary Medicine
- High resolution: Provides detailed images for an accurate diagnosis.
- Speed: Ideal for emergencies, as results are available quickly.
- Versatility: Applicable to various health problems.
Emergency Diagnostics for Pets
Emergencies can occur at any time in dogs and cats and often require immediate medical intervention. Imaging helps to quickly identify the cause of symptoms, which is crucial for successful treatment.
Common Emergencies in Dogs and Cats
- Injuries from accidents: Bone fractures, internal Bleeding, traumatic brain injuries.
- Acute diseases: Sudden organ failure, poisonings.
- Neurological problems: Convulsions, Paralysis.
The New Orleans Criteria
The New Orleans Criteria apply to trauma patients in human medicine and are used to decide when a CT scan is necessary. They were developed to assess head injuries and are based on symptoms such as unconsciousness or Memory loss. Similar symptoms are considered in veterinary medicine:
Indications for a CT Scan in Pets
In addition to the conditions listed under “Common Emergencies in Dogs and Cats”, CT is used in small animal medicine for many disease conditions.
Neurological Symptoms:
- Convulsions
- Behavioral changes
- Balance disorders
- Paralysis or weakness
- Altered state of consciousness
Head injuries or anomalies:
- Trauma to the skull
- Nasal discharge of unknown cause
- Dental problems that require more in-depth diagnostics
- Middle ear infections
Spinal problems:
- Suspected herniated discs
- Vertebral anomalies
- Spinal cord injuries
Tumors:
- Suspected Tumors in the brain, chest (thorax), or abdomen
- Planning surgical procedures
- Assessment of Tumor extent
Thoracic diseases:
- Lung diseases such as Tumors or Inflammatory conditions
- Examination of the heart and major vessels
- Foreign bodies in the airways
- Severe breathing problems
Abdominal Problems:
- Unclear Abdominal pain
- Detection of foreign bodies
- Diseases of the liver, spleen, kidneys, or other organs
- Persistent Vomiting or persistent Diarrhea
Orthopedic indications:
- Complex bone fractures
- Joint diseases
- Bone infections or Tumors
Vascular diseases:
- Aneurysms
- Thromboses
- Vascular anomalies
Traumatic injuries:
- Serious accidents or falls
- Multiple injuries requiring comprehensive diagnostics
Anomalies of the nasal and ear cavity:
- Chronic nasal discharge
- Respiratory distress
- Polyps or Tumors in the nasopharyngeal area
Eye diseases:
- Changes behind the eye (retrobulbar)
- Tumors or Inflammatory conditions of the eye socket
Endocrine diseases:
- Adrenal gland Tumors
- Changes in the thyroid gland
Preparation for surgical procedures:
- Precise localization of Lesions
- Surgical planning for complex cases
Unclear clinical symptoms:
- When other diagnostic methods do not provide sufficient results
- Generalized symptoms such as Weight loss or loss of appetite without a recognizable cause
Congenital malformations:
- Heart defects
- Organ malformations
- Skeletal anomalies
Please note that the decision for a CT scan is made individually by the veterinarian and is based on the specific symptoms and condition of your pet. The benefits of a CT scan lie in early diagnosis. The chances of successful treatment are increased. Despite the higher costs, an early CT scan can be cost-effective as it avoids unnecessary tests.
Procedure of a CT Scan in Dogs and Cats
Preparation of the animal and execution of the examination
- Sedation: Your pet will be sedated before the examination to prevent movement during the examination.
- Positioning: The animal is placed exactly on the examination table.
- Scan: The CT machine creates detailed images within a few minutes.
- Monitoring: Vital functions are continuously monitored.
- Aftercare and Results: After the examination, your pet wakes up under observation. The results are evaluated and discussed with you.
Safety and Risks of CT
- Radiation exposure in pets: The radiation dose is low and kept as low as possible.
- Sedation and Anesthesia: Risks are minimal, as the sedation is performed by experienced professionals.
Alternatives to Computed Tomography
- X-ray: Good for displaying bones, but less detailed.
- Ultrasound: Ideal for soft tissues and fluid accumulations.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides excellent images without radiation, but is more expensive and time-consuming.
Costs and Benefits of CT in Emergency Diagnostics
- Economic aspects for pet owners: CT can be costly, but accurate diagnosis can save costs in the long term.
- Life-saving potential: A quick and accurate diagnosis can save your pet’s life.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Is a CT scan safe for my pet?
Yes, the risks are minimal and the benefits clearly outweigh them in Emergencies.
2. How much does a CT scan cost?
Costs vary, but are typically between EUR 500 and 1,500.
3. Does my pet need anesthesia?
In most cases, yes, to ensure optimal image quality.
4. How long does the CT scan take?
The actual examination only takes a few minutes, but including preparation it takes about an hour.
5. When is a CT scan better than an X-ray?
If detailed images of soft tissues or complex structures are necessary, a CT scan is recommended.
6. Where can I have a CT scan performed?
In specialized veterinary clinics or facilities with appropriate equipment.
Conclusion
Computed tomography is a powerful diagnostic tool in emergency medicine for dogs and cats. By understanding this procedure, you can make better decisions for your pet’s health.