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Nictitating Membrane Gland Prolapse, Cherry Eye in cats

Occurrence: rarer
Location of illness: Head/Neck

Nictitating membrane gland prolapse, often referred to as cherry eye, is a condition in which the gland of the third eyelid protrudes and becomes visible as a reddish, cherry-like mass in the inner corner of the eye.

The most important facts at a glance

Nictitating membrane gland prolapse, also known as cherry eye, is a condition in which the gland of the third eyelid protrudes in cats. This gland is responsible for the production of tear fluid and plays an important role in protecting and moisturizing the eye. Causes for this condition can be genetic factors, weakness of the connective tissue, or inflammatory conditions. Symptoms include a red Swelling in the inner corner of the eye and increased tearing. Diagnosis is made by a thorough eye examination by a veterinarian to rule out other diseases. Treatment aims to return the gland to its normal position. Surgical repositioning is a common method to maintain the function of the gland. Anti-inflammatory drugs can also help reduce Swelling. Complete removal of the gland should be avoided to prevent complications such as dry eye. The prognosis is good if the condition is recognized and treated early, although recurrence is possible. Preventive measures include selecting breeding cats without a genetic predisposition and general care of eye health. Research focuses on genetic causes and improved treatment methods, including minimally invasive surgical techniques and anti-inflammatory therapies. Non-surgical approaches such as special contact lenses are also being investigated.

Causes

The nictitating membrane, also known as the third eyelid, plays an important role in protecting and moisturizing the eye in cats. It is a semi-transparent membrane consisting of connective tissue and a gland responsible for producing tear fluid. This gland contributes to the stability of the tear film, which protects and nourishes the eye.

Nictitating membrane gland prolapse occurs when the supporting structures of the gland are weak or damaged, causing the gland to protrude and become visible. This condition is less common in cats than in dogs, but it can still occur. The exact cause of cherry eye in cats is not fully understood, but genetic factors, weakness of the connective tissue, and inflammatory conditions could play a role.

Another possible factor could be increased pressure in the eye area, which pushes the gland outwards. Injuries or infections that lead to Swelling and inflammation of the nictitating membrane gland can also promote a prolapse. The predisposition to cherry eye can also be breed-specific, with some breeds being more frequently affected due to their genetic predisposition.

Symptoms

Very common symptoms:

Common symptoms:

Reiben am betroffenen Auge

The most noticeable symptom of cherry eye is the protrusion of a reddish, swollen mass in the inner corner of the affected eye. This mass may resemble a cherry, which gives the condition its name.

In addition, the affected eye may appear watery or irritated. Affected cats may also show signs of discomfort, such as frequent blinking or Rubbing the eye with their paw. In some cases, a secondary infection may occur, further irritating the eye and leading to increased Swelling.

Another possible symptom is limited movement of the nictitating membrane, which could impair the cat’s ability to fully close and protect the eye. This can lead to an increased susceptibility to eye injuries and infections.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of cherry eye is usually made by a thorough clinical examination of the eye by a veterinarian. The veterinarian will check the eye for signs of Swelling, irritation, and the characteristic protrusion of the nictitating membrane gland.

To rule out other eye diseases, the veterinarian may perform additional tests. These include checking tear production to ensure that the eye is sufficiently moistened, as well as examining for possible infections or inflammatory conditions.

In some cases, a more extensive ophthalmological examination may be necessary, especially if an underlying systemic disease is suspected to be causing the nictitating membrane gland prolapse. An accurate diagnosis is crucial to determine the appropriate treatment and avoid complications.

Therapy

Treatment of cherry eye in cats aims to return the nictitating membrane gland to its normal position and maintain its function. This is important to ensure adequate tear production and protect the eye.

One of the most common treatment methods is surgery, in which the nictitating membrane gland is repositioned and anchored in its normal position. This technique is called “nictitating membrane gland repositioning” and has the advantage that the gland is preserved and can continue to produce tear fluid.

In some cases, anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed to reduce Swelling and irritation of the gland. This can be particularly helpful if surgery cannot be performed immediately or if other health factors need to be considered.

It is important to note that complete removal of the nictitating membrane gland should be avoided as this can lead to chronic dry eye and further complications.

Prognosis and follow-up care

The prognosis for cats with cherry eye is generally good, especially if the condition is recognized and treated early. Surgical repositioning of the nictitating membrane gland has a high success rate and can restore the normal appearance and function of the eye in most cases.

However, there is some risk of recurrence, especially if the supporting structures of the gland are weak or if the cat is genetically predisposed. Regular follow-up examinations with the veterinarian are important to monitor the condition of the eye and ensure that no new problems arise.

With successful treatment and without complications, most cats should not have long-term problems with their eye and can enjoy a normal quality of life.

Prevention

Prevention of cherry eye in cats can be challenging, as genetic factors play a significant role. One of the most effective measures is to pay attention to the genetic predisposition to this disease when selecting breeding cats. Responsible breeders should take care not to use cats that are prone to this disease for breeding in order to reduce the likelihood of cherry eye in offspring.

In addition, it is important to pay general attention to the cat’s eye health. Regular veterinary check-ups can help to detect early signs of nictitating membrane gland prolapse and treat it in good time. A balanced diet containing all the necessary vitamins and minerals can also contribute to the cat’s general health and potentially reduce the risk of eye diseases.

Avoid excessive strain or injury to your cat’s eye area. Accidents or excessive Rubbing the eye can lead to weakening of the supporting structures. A clean environment and protection from external irritants and allergens are also important measures to keep your cat’s eyes healthy.

Outlook on current research

Nictitating membrane gland prolapse, also known as cherry eye, is a condition that commonly occurs in dogs, but can also occur in cats. Research in this area is currently focused on the causes and best treatment methods for this condition. One of the main causes of cherry eye appears to be a weakness of the connective tissue that holds the nictitating membrane gland in its natural place. Genetic factors are also being investigated, as certain breeds are more susceptible to this condition.

Current studies are investigating the genetic predisposition to understand why some cats are more susceptible to cherry eye than others. Researchers are using genetic mapping and analysis to identify possible genetic markers. These studies could lead to genetic tests in the future that help identify at-risk animals early.

Another area of research is the improvement of surgical techniques to correct cherry eye. Traditionally, the affected gland was removed, but this can cause long-term complications such as “dry eye” (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). Modern approaches focus on repositioning the gland to preserve its function. Researchers are working on developing minimally invasive techniques that reduce the risk of complications.

Anti-inflammatory treatments and the role of antibiotics are also being investigated to minimize postoperative infections and inflammatory conditions. There are ongoing studies on the effectiveness of drug combinations that both promote healing and support mucous gland function.

In addition, there is research on the role of nutrition in supporting healing and prevention of cherry eye. Some studies suggest that nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can promote the health of connective tissue and eyes. These findings could be incorporated into nutritional guidelines for at-risk animals in the long term.

Finally, researchers are working on developing non-surgical treatment methods. Innovative approaches include the use of special contact lenses or eye drops that could hold the gland in place. These methods are still in the experimental phase, but offer promising alternatives to surgery.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is nictitating membrane gland prolapse in cats? Nictitating membrane gland prolapse, also called cherry eye, is a condition in which the gland of the nictitating membrane (third eyelid) protrudes, causing a red, cherry-like mass in the inner corner of the eye.
What symptoms does a cat with cherry eye show? Symptoms include a visible red mass in the inner corner of the eye, tearing, Rubbing the eye, and possibly inflammation or infection. The affected eye may appear irritated or painful.
What are the causes of cherry eye in cats? The exact causes are not fully understood, but genetic factors and connective tissue weakness are believed to play a role. Trauma or infections can also be triggers.
Can cherry eye be cured on its own? In most cases, cherry eye requires veterinary treatment. If left untreated, it can lead to complications, so timely consultation with a veterinarian is important.
What treatment options are available for cherry eye? The main treatment is surgical. The gland can be repositioned to preserve its function. Removal of the gland is avoided to minimize the risk of dry eyes.
How is the surgery performed? Surgery to reposition the gland is performed under general anesthesia. The veterinarian places the gland back into its normal position and secures it with sutures to prevent recurrence.
What risks are associated with the surgery? As with any surgery, there are risks, including infections, inflammatory conditions, and rare complications from anesthesia. However, the success rate of repositioning is high.
Can cherry eye be prevented? Since genetic factors play a role, prevention is difficult. However, regular eye exams and a healthy diet can contribute to overall eye health.
Does cherry eye affect the cat’s eyesight? If left untreated, cherry eye can lead to irritation and infections that can impair vision. Early treatment helps to avoid serious eye damage.
How can I help my cat after the surgery? After the surgery, you should follow the veterinarian’s instructions carefully. This may include giving medication, wearing a protective collar, and having regular check-ups to monitor healing.