{"id":35896,"date":"2024-06-05T12:29:12","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T10:29:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/krankheiten-und-stoerungen\/hund\/kryptorchismus-hodenhochstand\/"},"modified":"2026-08-13T19:34:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T17:34:41","slug":"cryptorchidism-undescended-testicle","status":"publish","type":"krankheit","link":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/dog\/cryptorchidism-undescended-testicle\/","title":{"rendered":"Retained Testicle in Dogs (Cryptorchidism)"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","krankheitsort":[137],"haufigkeit":[134],"organsystem_krankheiten":[225],"class_list":["post-35896","krankheit","type-krankheit","status-publish","hentry","krankheitsort-bauch-becken-en","haufigkeit-a-en","organsystem_krankheiten-reproductive-organs","entry"],"acf":{"synonyme":"","synonyme_en":"Undescended Testicle","titel_en":"Cryptorchidism","weitere_suchbegriffe":"","triage":"yellow","triage_begruendung":"Testicles in the abdomen increase the risk of tumors and torsion; plan for castration.","definition":"Cryptorchidism is a developmental disorder in male dogs where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. Instead, they remain in the abdominal cavity or the inguinal canal. ","ursachen":"Undescended testes is a relatively common anomaly in dogs and occurs in about 1\u20133% of male puppies. The normal descent of the testicles into the scrotum occurs in the first weeks of a puppy's life, typically by the eighth week. In cases of cryptorchidism, this process remains incomplete. \n\nThe causes of cryptorchidism are not fully understood, but it is believed that genetic factors play a key role. The condition occurs more frequently in certain breeds, including German Shepherds, Boxers, Chihuahuas, and Poodles. This suggests that hereditary factors contribute significantly to the predisposition. \n\nIn addition to genetic factors, hormonal and environmental influences during the mother's pregnancy could also play a role. For example, disruptions in testosterone levels could affect the normal development and descent of the testicles. ","auswahl_symptome_rot":[33683],"auswahl_symptome_blau":[33364,33418],"auswahl_symptome_grun":"","erganzungen_zu_symptomen":"The most noticeable symptom of cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testicles in the scrotum, which is identified during a physical examination. If the examination is incomplete, the condition may go unnoticed. \n\nAnother symptom can be an asymmetrical or irregular size of the scrotum if only one testicle is affected. In bilateral cryptorchidism, the testicles are completely hidden in the abdominal cavity, making them difficult to detect. \n\nAffected dogs may have an increased risk of testicular tumors in adulthood, especially if the testicles remain in the abdomen. Furthermore, cryptorchidism can lead to behavioral problems such as aggression, which are influenced by elevated testosterone levels. ","zusammenfassung":"Cryptorchidism, also known as retained testicle, affects about 1\u20133% of male dog puppies. Normally, the testicles descend into the scrotum by the eighth week of life, but in cryptorchidism this process remains incomplete. Genetic factors play a key role, especially in breeds such as German Shepherds, Boxers, and Chihuahuas, indicating a hereditary predisposition. Hormonal and environmental influences during pregnancy can also affect testicular descent. Symptoms are usually a missing testicle in the scrotum or swelling in the groin area, which can cause infertility. Diagnosis is made through a physical examination, occasionally supported by ultrasound. The main treatment is surgical removal of the undescended testicle to reduce the risk of testicular tumors. In cases of unilateral cryptorchidism, the healthy testicle is often also removed to prevent genetic transmission. The prognosis is good if treated early. For prevention, affected dogs should not be used for breeding. Research focuses on genetic causes and environmental influences to develop better diagnostic and treatment methods. ","diagnose":"The diagnosis of cryptorchidism is usually made through a thorough physical examination of the dog. The veterinarian palpates the scrotum to determine whether one or both testicles are missing. In young animals, diagnosis may be delayed until six months of age, as testicular descent can be delayed. \n\nIn some cases, an ultrasound examination may be necessary to determine the exact location of the testicle, especially if it is in the abdominal cavity. This helps to detect and treat potential complications such as testicular tumors early. \n\nGenetic tests are not currently widely used, but could play a role in the future in identifying carriers of the disease to avoid breeding affected animals.","behandlung":"The recommended treatment for cryptorchidism is the surgical removal of the undescended testicle, a procedure known as cryptorchidectomy. This significantly reduces the risk of testicular tumors and other health complications. \n\nIn cases of unilateral cryptorchidism, the descended testicle is often also removed to minimize the risk of passing on the anomaly genetically. Castration \/ neutering also prevents unwanted behavioral problems associated with elevated testosterone levels. \n\nIn some cases, especially in valuable breeding animals, hormonal treatment may be considered to promote testicular descent. However, this method is controversial and not always successful. ","prognose":"The prognosis for dogs with cryptorchidism is generally good, especially if the condition is detected and treated early. Surgical removal of the affected testicle is a routine procedure with low risk and a short recovery time. \n\nIf left untreated, there is an increased risk of developing testicular tumors, which can worsen the prognosis. Testicular tumors in cases of cryptorchidism are often more aggressive and harder to treat, which is why early removal of the affected tissue is important. \n\nAfter treatment, most dogs can lead a normal, healthy life. Neutering can also help reduce behavioral problems that may accompany the condition. ","ausblick_auf_aktuelle_forschung":"Cryptorchidism, also known as retained testicle, is one of the most common congenital disorders of the reproductive organs in dogs. This condition has attracted considerable attention in the scientific community because it can not only impair the fertility of affected animals, but also increase their risk of certain health problems, such as testicular cancer and testicular torsion. Current research focuses on various aspects of this condition, including genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. \n\nA major focus of research is identifying genetic markers responsible for cryptorchidism. Scientists have found that it is a polygenic condition, meaning that multiple genes are involved in its development. Modern techniques such as genome sequencing and association studies are used to identify specific gene variants linked to an increased risk of cryptorchidism. These discoveries could lead to genetic tests in the future, enabling breeders to better assess the risk of cryptorchidism in their breeding lines. \n\nAnother area of research examines the role of environmental influences in the development of cryptorchidism. Studies have shown that certain chemical substances known as endocrine disruptors can disrupt hormonal balance during embryonic development, which can lead to an increased risk of cryptorchidism. These substances can be found in pesticides, plastic products, and other industrial chemicals. Research aims to better understand these compounds and develop strategies to minimize exposure during critical developmental phases. \n\nWith regard to the treatment of cryptorchidism, current studies focus on developing less invasive and more effective surgical techniques. While castration \/ neutering of the affected dog is the most common treatment method, some researchers are exploring the possibility of relocating the testicles back to their original position to preserve fertility. However, these surgical techniques are still in the experimental phase and require further investigation to assess their safety and effectiveness. \n\nIn summary, research into cryptorchidism in dogs is making promising progress. The combination of genetic studies and the investigation of environmental influences could lead to better prevention and treatment of this condition in the future. This would not only benefit the health of affected dogs, but could also improve breeding practices and expand the overall understanding of reproductive biology in mammals. ","zusatzlicher_inhalt_im_hauptteil":"Since cryptorchidism has a genetic component, the best prevention is not to use affected dogs for breeding. This prevents the passing on of the genetic predisposition to future generations. \n\nRegular veterinary examinations in the first months of a puppy's life are important to detect cryptorchidism early. This allows for timely treatment and prevents possible complications. \n\nA healthy diet and proper care of the pregnant bitch can also help minimize the risk of developmental disorders in the offspring, although this alone cannot fully prevent cryptorchidism.","haufig_gestellte_fragen_faqs":"
    \n \t
  1. What is cryptorchidism in dogs?<\/b> Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testicles of a male dog do not descend into the scrotum. This can be detected at birth or shortly thereafter and is one of the most common reproductive disorders in male dogs. <\/li>\n \t
  2. How common is cryptorchidism in dogs?<\/b> Cryptorchidism occurs in about 1\u20133% of male dogs, with some breeds being more susceptible than others. Toy and small dog breeds are particularly affected. <\/li>\n \t
  3. What are the causes of cryptorchidism?<\/b> This condition is caused by a combination of genetic and possibly environmental factors. Several genes can influence the risk, and exposure to certain chemicals during the mother's pregnancy can also play a role. <\/li>\n \t
  4. What risks are associated with cryptorchidism?<\/b> Dogs with cryptorchidism have an increased risk of testicular cancer and testicular torsion. The condition can also lead to hormonal disorders that affect the dog's behavior. <\/li>\n \t
  5. How is cryptorchidism diagnosed?<\/b> Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination of the dog by a veterinarian, who determines whether the testicles are present in the scrotum. In some cases, additional imaging procedures such as ultrasound may be required to determine the location of the testicle. <\/li>\n \t
  6. What are the treatment options for cryptorchidism?<\/b> The most common treatment is surgical removal of the undescended testicle to reduce the risk of complications such as cancer. This procedure is referred to as castration \/ neutering. In some cases, an attempt may be made to move the testicles into the scrotum, but this is rare and often unsuccessful. <\/li>\n \t
  7. Can dogs with cryptorchidism be bred?<\/b> Breeding dogs with cryptorchidism is strongly discouraged, as the condition has a genetic component and can be passed on to offspring. Breeding such dogs could increase the risk that their offspring will also be affected. <\/li>\n \t
  8. Are there ways to prevent cryptorchidism?<\/b> Because cryptorchidism has a genetic component, prevention is limited. However, careful breeding selection can help reduce the risk. This includes not using dogs with a known case of cryptorchidism for breeding. <\/li>\n \t
  9. At what age should a dog with cryptorchidism be neutered?<\/b> It is recommended to neuter dogs with cryptorchidism between six and twelve months of age, before the risk of testicular cancer increases significantly. However, the exact timing can vary and should be discussed with a veterinarian. <\/li>\n \t
  10. Does cryptorchidism affect a dog's behavior?<\/b> Cryptorchidism generally does not affect a dog's behavior. However, hormonal changes associated with the condition can sometimes lead to behavioral problems that can be alleviated by castration \/ neutering. <\/li>\n<\/ol>","literaturangaben":"
      \n \t
    • Cho, S. E., Fudge, J. M., Page, B., Kim, S., & Yu, D. (2025). Cryptorchidism in dogs and cats presented for elective gonadectomy: A descriptive cohort study of 306 animals treated between 2018 and 2023. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 65, Article 100961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcam.2025.100961<\/li>\n \t
    • Soto-Heras, S., Reinacher, L., Wang, B., Oh, J. E., Bunnell, M., Park, C. J., Hess, R. A., & Ko, C. J. (2024). Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer in the dog: Unresolved questions and challenges in translating insights from human studies. Biology of Reproduction, 111(2), 269\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioae075<\/li>\n \t
    • Stachowiak, M., Nowacka-Woszuk, J., Szabelska-Beresewicz, A., Zyprych-Walczak, J., Krzeminska, P., Sosinski, O., Nowak, T., & Switonski, M. (2024). A massive alteration of gene expression in undescended testicles of dogs and the association of KAT6A variants with cryptorchidism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121, Article e2312724121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2312724121<\/li>\n \t
    • Hern\u00e1ndez-Jard\u00f3n, N., Rojas-Casta\u00f1eda, J. C., Landero-Huerta, D., Reyes-Cruz, E., Reynoso-Robles, R., Ju\u00e1rez-Mosqueda, M. L., Medrano, A., Reyes-Delgado, F., & Vigueras-Villase\u00f1or, R. M. (2022). Cryptorchidism: The dog as a study model. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, Article 935307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.935307<\/li>\n \t
    • Blades, M., Freyer, J., Donner, J., Chodroff Foran, R., & Forman, O. P. (2022). Large scale across-breed genome-wide association study reveals a variant in HMGA2 associated with inguinal cryptorchidism risk in dogs. PLOS ONE, 17(5), Article e0267604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0267604<\/li>\n \t
    • Pecile, A., Groppetti, D., Pizzi, G., Banco, B., Bronzo, V., Giudice, C., & Grieco, V. (2021). Immunohistochemical insights into a hidden pathology: Canine cryptorchidism. Theriogenology, 176, 43\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.09.011<\/li>\n \t
    • Khan, F. A., Gartley, C. J., & Khanam, A. (2018). Canine cryptorchidism: An update. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 53(6), 1263\u20131270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rda.13231<\/li>\n<\/ul>","symptome_ausgeblendet":"","erganzungen":"","faq":[{"frage":"1. What is cryptorchidism in dogs?","antwort":"Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testicles of a male dog do not descend into the scrotum. This can be detected at birth or shortly afterwards and is one of the most common reproductive disorders in male dogs. -"},{"frage":"2. How common is cryptorchidism in dogs?","antwort":"Cryptorchidism occurs in about 1\u20133% of male dogs, with some breeds being more susceptible than others. Toy and small dog breeds are particularly affected. -"},{"frage":"3. What causes cryptorchidism?","antwort":"This condition is caused by a combination of genetic and possibly environmental factors. Several genes can influence the risk, and exposure to certain chemicals during the mother\u2019s pregnancy may also play a role. -"},{"frage":"4. What risks are associated with cryptorchidism?","antwort":"Dogs with cryptorchidism have an increased risk of testicular cancer and testicular torsion. The condition can also lead to hormonal imbalances that may affect the dog\u2019s behavior. -"},{"frage":"5. How is cryptorchidism diagnosed?","antwort":"Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination by a veterinarian, who checks whether the testicles are present in the scrotum. In some cases, additional imaging such as ultrasound may be needed to determine the position of the testicles. -"},{"frage":"6. What are the treatment options for cryptorchidism?","antwort":"The most common treatment is surgical removal of the undescended testicles to reduce the risk of complications such as cancer. This procedure is known as castration \/ neutering. In some cases, an attempt may be made to move the testicles into the scrotum, but this is rare and often unsuccessful. -"},{"frage":"7. Can dogs with cryptorchidism be bred?","antwort":"Breeding dogs with cryptorchidism is strongly discouraged, as the condition has a genetic component and can be passed on to offspring. Breeding such dogs could increase the risk that the offspring will also be affected. -"},{"frage":"8. Are there ways to prevent cryptorchidism?","antwort":"Because cryptorchidism has a genetic component, prevention is limited. However, careful breeding selection can help reduce the risk. This includes not using dogs with known cases of cryptorchidism for breeding. -"},{"frage":"9. At what age should a dog with cryptorchidism be castrated \/ neutered?","antwort":"It is recommended to have dogs with cryptorchidism castrated \/ neutered between six and twelve months of age, before the risk of testicular cancer increases significantly. However, the exact timing can vary and should be discussed with a veterinarian. -"},{"frage":"10. Does cryptorchidism affect a dog's behavior?","antwort":"Cryptorchidism itself generally does not affect a dog\u2019s behavior. However, hormonal changes associated with the condition can sometimes lead to behavioral problems that can be mitigated by neutering. "}],"faq_html":null},"yoast_head":"\nRetained Testicle in Dogs (Cryptorchidism) in dogs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn more about cryptorchidism (undescended testes) in dogs. Causes, treatments, and prognosis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/dog\/cryptorchidism-undescended-testicle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Retained Testicle in Dogs (Cryptorchidism)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn more about cryptorchidism (undescended testes) in dogs. 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