{"id":35846,"date":"2024-06-05T12:28:59","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T10:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/krankheiten-und-stoerungen\/hund\/haemotrophe-mykoplasmose-haemobartonellose-bakterielle-infektion-mit-mykoplasmenarten\/"},"modified":"2026-08-22T09:06:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T07:06:39","slug":"hemotrophic-mycoplasmosis-hemobartonellosis-bacterial-infection-with-mycoplasma-species","status":"publish","type":"krankheit","link":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/dog\/hemotrophic-mycoplasmosis-hemobartonellosis-bacterial-infection-with-mycoplasma-species\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacterial infection of red blood cells in dogs (Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis)"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","krankheitsort":[143],"haufigkeit":[136],"organsystem_krankheiten":[224,239,228],"class_list":["post-35846","krankheit","type-krankheit","status-publish","hentry","krankheitsort-general-whole-body","haufigkeit-b-en","organsystem_krankheiten-blood","organsystem_krankheiten-general-full-body","organsystem_krankheiten-infections-parasites","entry"],"acf":{"synonyme":"Haemoplasmosis, canine infectious anaemia, haemotrophic mycoplasmosis, infectious anaemia, haemobartonellosis","synonyme_en":"Mycoplasma Haemofelis Infection, Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis, Hemoplasmosis, Infectious Anemia, Hemobartonellosis","titel_en":"Hemotropic Mycoplasmosis","weitere_suchbegriffe":"","triage":"orange","triage_begruendung":"Blood parasites destroy erythrocytes; rapid diagnosis and doxycycline are needed.","definition":"Hemotropic mycoplasmosis, also known as hemobartonellosis, is a bacterial infection in dogs caused by mycoplasmas. These pathogens attack red blood cells and can lead to anemia. ","ursachen":"Hemotropic mycoplasmas are a group of bacteria that settle on the surface of red blood cells. These bacteria are atypical because they have no cell wall and are characterized by a flexible membrane. This makes them resistant to many antibiotics that target the cell wall and creates specific challenges in treatment. \n\nThe hemotropic mycoplasmas that occur in dogs belong to the genus Mycoplasma. The best-known species are Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum. These microorganisms can be transmitted by vectors such as ticks and possibly through bites or blood transfusions. \n\nThe infection damages red blood cells, triggering the body's immune response. The immune system begins to attack the infected blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia. This can impair oxygen transport in the body and lead to a range of clinical symptoms. ","auswahl_symptome_rot":[33810],"auswahl_symptome_blau":[33457,33946,34178,33332,33865,33803,34070,33493,33838],"auswahl_symptome_grun":[33869,34231,33877],"erganzungen_zu_symptomen":"The symptoms of hemotropic mycoplasmosis can vary and depend on the severity of the anemia and the overall health of the affected dog. The most common signs include lethargy, pallor of the mucous membranes, reduced appetite, and weight loss. In severe anemia, accelerated heart rate and shortness of breath may also occur. \n\nIn some cases, dogs also show signs of jaundice, indicating excessive destruction of red blood cells and liver overload. Fever, splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), and swollen lymph nodes may also occur, especially when the infection is accompanied by other diseases. ","zusammenfassung":"Hemotropic mycoplasmosis in dogs is caused by bacteria that settle on red blood cells and stimulate the immune system to attack these cells. This leads to hemolytic anemia, which impairs oxygen transport in the body. Symptoms include loss of appetite, apathy, pale mucous membranes, fever, weakness, jaundice, increased respiratory rate, joint pain, and ocular inflammation. Rarely, bluish mucous membranes, weight loss, and dehydration may also occur. Diagnosis is made through clinical examination and laboratory tests, particularly using PCR to detect mycoplasma DNA. Treatment includes antibiotics such as doxycycline and supportive measures, such as blood transfusions in severe anemia. The prognosis is often good with timely treatment, but delayed diagnosis can have serious consequences. Prevention focuses on controlling vectors such as ticks, regular use of tick repellents, and avoiding contact with infected animals. Blood transfusions should only be performed with blood tested for mycoplasmas to minimize the risk of transmission. ","diagnose":"The diagnosis of hemotropic mycoplasmosis is made through a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests. A blood test can reveal anemia and provide evidence of a hemolytic component, such as the presence of spherocytes or elevated bilirubin concentration. \n\nA specific test to detect mycoplasma DNA, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is crucial for confirming the diagnosis. This method enables direct detection of the pathogens in a blood sample. Because the bacteria can appear episodically in the blood, repeated tests are required to reliably confirm the infection. ","behandlung":"Treating hemotropic mycoplasmosis usually requires a combination of antibiotic therapy and supportive measures. Doxycycline is often the antibiotic of choice because it is effective against mycoplasmas. Treatment may take several weeks to ensure the bacteria are effectively eliminated. \n\nIn severe cases with significant anemia, a blood transfusion may be necessary to quickly replace red blood cells and ensure the body's oxygen supply. Supportive care, including fluid therapy and nutritional support, may also be needed to promote recovery. ","prognose":"The prognosis for dogs with hemotropic mycoplasmosis depends on various factors, including how quickly the diagnosis is made and treatment is started, the severity of the anemia, and the dog's overall health. With timely and appropriate treatment, the prognosis is often good and most dogs recover fully. \n\nWithout treatment or with delayed diagnosis, however, the infection can have serious health consequences and even become life-threatening. Chronic infections can also lead to recurring anemia episodes that require long-term medical monitoring. ","ausblick_auf_aktuelle_forschung":"

Hemotropic mycoplasmosis is an infection with very small bacteria that attach to red blood cells and can thereby trigger hemolytic anemia. In small animal medicine, the cat is primarily the focus of research; there, Mycoplasma haemofelis<\/em>, \"Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum\"<\/em>, and \"Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis\"<\/em> are considered the most important pathogens. M. haemofelis<\/em> is usually the most pathogenic representative. <\/p>\n

The most important research outlook currently concerns diagnostics. Blood smears under the microscope are unreliable, while PCR methods are now considered the best method. New studies are even developing multiplex or triplex PCRs that can distinguish several pathogen species simultaneously. This is clinically important because mixed infections occur and morphology alone is not sufficient. <\/p>\n

A second focus is pathogen biology. Hemotropic mycoplasmas are not yet cultivable, so classical resistance tests are lacking. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that behind previously known groups there may be additional, genetically hidden species or lineages. <\/p>\n

Transmission also remains unclear: blood contact appears to be more important than vectors, but the natural route of infection has not yet been conclusively clarified; there is also no vaccine yet. Overall, research is therefore aimed at more precise diagnostics, better assessment of risk and pathogenicity, and in the long term at more targeted therapies. <\/p>","zusatzlicher_inhalt_im_hauptteil":"Prevention of hemotropic mycoplasmosis focuses primarily on controlling the carrier vectors, especially ticks. The use of effective tick repellents and regular checks for tick infestation are crucial to minimize the risk of infection. \n\nFurthermore, dog owners should ensure that their animals do not come into contact with unknown or potentially infected dogs, especially in areas where the disease is prevalent. For dogs requiring blood transfusions, it is important to ensure that the donor blood has been tested for mycoplasmas to avoid the risk of transmission. ","haufig_gestellte_fragen_faqs":"","literaturangaben":"