{"id":32470,"date":"2024-05-14T15:44:25","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T13:44:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/krankheiten-und-stoerungen\/vergiftungen\/vergiftungen-von-a-z\/eisenhut-aconitum-napellus\/"},"modified":"2026-10-15T15:02:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T13:02:21","slug":"monkshood-aconitum-napellus","status":"publish","type":"gift","link":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/poisonings\/poisoning-from-a-z\/monkshood-aconitum-napellus\/","title":{"rendered":"Monkshood Poisoning (Aconitum napellus)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Monkshood is one of the most poisonous plants in Europe. All plant parts are highly toxic +++.<br\/>The toxic substances are various diterpene alkaloids (aconitine) and isoquinoline alkaloids.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","giftigkeit-pflanzen":[],"gift-kategorie":[153],"class_list":["post-32470","gift","type-gift","status-publish","hentry","gift-kategorie-toxic-garden-plants","entry"],"acf":{"triage":"red","triage_begruendung":"Aconitine alkaloids are potent cardio-\/neurotoxins; potentially rapid lethal course in mammals, therefore always RED for dogs and cats.","triage_eskalation":"<p>RED (remains RED) \u2013 Arrhythmias, severe weakness, collapse, seizures<\/p><p>Dose is often unclear; dermal contact with plant sap can also be irritating, but the main danger is oral ingestion.<\/p>","besonderheiten_katze":"In cats, exposure is often lower, but due to their small body mass, symptoms can appear faster\/more severely; especially with an unknown dose\/product, monitor closely.","einfuhrung":"Monkshood (Aconitum napellus) is one of the most poisonous garden plants of all. Even the Latin name \"Aconitum\" points to its lethal effects: in antiquity, it was considered a war poison. Today, monkshood plants are often found in woodland edge plantings, ornamental beds, and as cut flowers in bouquets. For dogs and cats, contact or oral ingestion can be fatal even in the smallest amounts. Poisoning by monkshood progresses rapidly and leads to severe cardiovascular and CNS disorders. Early recognition and immediate therapy are essential to ensure the animal's survival.","wirkungsmechanismus":"The skin and mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the conjunctiva, are particularly damaged.\nAmong the organ systems, the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and kidneys are primarily affected.\n\nPets can come into contact with monkshood in various ways:\n<ol>\n \t<li>Direct oral ingestion\n<ul>\n \t<li>While exploring in the garden or park<\/li>\n \t<li>By chewing on leaves, flowers, roots, or seeds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Secondary ingestion\n<ul>\n \t<li>Eating dead rodents or birds that have ingested plant parts<\/li>\n \t<li>Licking contaminated hands or objects after gardening<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Incorrect use as a medicinal plant\n<ul>\n \t<li>Some owners try to use monkshood homeopathically or naturopathically \u2013 a fatal misconception, as even tiny amounts can lead to intoxication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nPuppies are particularly at risk because they love to explore unknown plant parts. Cats, on the other hand, are more selective, but they can be poisoned via contaminated paws due to their intensive grooming behavior.","toxisches_prinzip":"Aconitine is easily absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and can quickly reach the brain.\nAconitine initially increases the excitability of nerve cells and later leads to paralysis.\nAconitine affects the function of the cardiovascular system and causes a drop in blood pressure, a decrease in heart rate, and cardiac arrhythmias.\nThe arrhythmias are also partly the result of an anticholinergic effect of aconitine. Cardiac arrest is possible.\n\nSupplement\n\nThe main active ingredient in monkshood is aconitine, a highly potent diterpene alkaloid. Other related alkaloids include mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and benzoylaconine. These substances exert their toxicity primary via the following mechanisms:\n<ol>\n \t<li>Modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels\n<ul>\n \t<li>Aconitine binds irreversibly to sodium channels in nerve cells and cardiomyocytes.<\/li>\n \t<li>It prevents their inactivation, leading to a permanent influx of sodium<\/li>\n \t<li>Result: persistent depolarization, prolonged refractory periods, severely disturbed chronotropy and dromotropy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Cardiovascular Effects\n<ul>\n \t<li>Persistent depolarization of cardiomyocytes leads to arrhythmias (extrasystoles, ventricular fibrillation) and ultimately cardiac arrest.<\/li>\n \t<li>Peripheral vasodilation and hypotension due to disturbed smooth vascular musculature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Central Nervous System (CNS)\n<ul>\n \t<li>Overexcitation of cholinergic and adrenergic neurons in the CNS \u2192 muscle tremors, seizures, respiratory paralysis.<\/li>\n \t<li>Aconitine can cross the blood-brain barrier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Autonomic Dysregulation\n<ul>\n \t<li>Overstimulation of parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways \u2192 salivation, bradycardia or tachycardia, sweat secretion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nThe pharmacokinetics are characterized by rapid absorption (within 10\u201330 minutes) and wide distribution throughout the vascular system and tissues. The elimination half-life is several hours; the toxins are strongly protein-bound.","symptome_einer_intoxikation":"Local irritation of the skin and mucous membranes manifests as\n<ul>\n \t<li>Drooling<\/li>\n \t<li>Vomiting<\/li>\n \t<li>Diarrhea, sometimes bloody<\/li>\n \t<li>Abdominal cramps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe effects on the nervous system and heart are\n<ul>\n \t<li>Restlessness<\/li>\n \t<li>Ataxia<\/li>\n \t<li>Seizures<\/li>\n \t<li>Drop in blood pressure<\/li>\n \t<li>Decrease in heart rate<\/li>\n \t<li>Cardiac Arrhythmias<\/li>\n \t<li>Paralysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe course of intoxication is rapid. The first symptoms appear after just a few minutes. Death occurs through respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest.\nThe LD in dogs is 7.5 mg aconitine\/kg body mass.\nThe toxic dose\u2014i.e., the dose where symptoms are to be expected\u2014lies between 2.5 and 5 g of dried plant per kg of body mass, depending on the size of the animal.\n\nSupplement\n\nSymptoms often begin within 15\u201360 minutes after ingestion and progress in several phases:\n<h3>Early Phase (0.25\u20132 H)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Gastrointestinal: Vomiting, hypersalivation, abdominal cramps<\/li>\n \t<li>CNS: Restlessness, tremors, coordination disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Acute Phase (2\u20136 H)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Cardiovascular: Tachycardia or bradycardia, arrhythmic extrasystoles, hypotension<\/li>\n \t<li>Neuromuscular: Muscle cramps, ataxia, tremor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Crisis (6\u201312 H)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Cardiovascular: Ventricular fibrillation, AV block, cardiac arrest<\/li>\n \t<li>Respiratory: Respiratory paralysis, cyanosis<\/li>\n \t<li>CNS: Coma, loss of consciousness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Late Phase (>12 H)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Organ compromise due to hypoxia<\/li>\n \t<li>Multi-organ failure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWithout immediate treatment, the poisoning is usually fatal.","diagnose_gift":"The diagnosis is based on medical history, hospital, and laboratory and cardiological findings:\n<ol>\n \t<li>History\n<ul>\n \t<li>Time spent in the garden, discovery of plant parts<\/li>\n \t<li>Temporal correlation with symptom onset<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Clinical Examination\n<ul>\n \t<li>Vomiting, salivation, mydriasis<\/li>\n \t<li>Heart rate and rhythm, mucous membranes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>ECG\n<ul>\n \t<li>Detection of arrhythmias, extrasystoles, AV block<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Laboratory\n<ul>\n \t<li>Electrolytes, blood gases (metabolic acidosis)<\/li>\n \t<li>Liver enzymes, creatinine (secondary damage)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Toxicological Evidence\n<ul>\n \t<li>Aconitine levels in serum, urine, or stomach contents (specialized laboratory)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nIf poisoning is suspected, treatment should begin immediately, even before toxin screening results are available.","therapeutische_prinzipien":"Monkshood poisonings are often fatal.\nThere is no specific antidote.\nThe fastest possible decontamination is the most important, potentially life-saving measure.\nSince the toxin can also be absorbed through the skin, thorough cleaning of the fur and skin is particularly important for decontamination.\nExtensive showering and shampooing of the animal also protects the pet owner from their own contact with the plant toxin via the skin.\nGloves should be worn.\nInducing vomiting, gastric lavage, repeated doses of activated charcoal, and accelerating intestinal transit are indicated.\nProtective measures for the people involved should also be considered here. Direct contact with vomit and the like must be strictly avoided.\nSymptomatic therapy may begin with resuscitation and then focuses mainly on the therapy of cardiac arrhythmia.\n\nSupplement\n\nThere is no specific antidote for aconitine. Therapy is purely symptomatic and intensive care (related):\n<h3>1. Immediate Measures<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Induce vomiting (\u2265 15 minutes post-intoxication, no airway risk)<\/li>\n \t<li>Activated charcoal (1\u20133 g\/kg p.o.), repeatedly every 4 to 6 h<\/li>\n \t<li>Gastric lavage for high doses and stable circulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Cardiac Stabilization<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Atropine (0.02\u20130.04 mg\/kg i.v.) for bradycardia<\/li>\n \t<li>Lidocaine (2 mg\/kg i.v.) or procainamide for ventricular arrhythmias<\/li>\n \t<li>Magnesium sulfate (20\u201340 mg\/kg i.v.) for ventricular fibrillation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Neurological Control<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Benzodiazepines (e.g., Diazepam 0.5 mg\/kg) for seizures<\/li>\n \t<li>Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) for refractory seizures<\/li>\n \t<li>Mannitol or Hypertonic NaCl (3%) for reduction of cerebral edema<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. Intensive Care Support<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Fluid therapy (Ringer's lactate, 10\u201320 ml\/kg\/h)<\/li>\n \t<li>Vasopressors (e.g., Dopamine) for refractory hypotension<\/li>\n \t<li>Ventilation for respiratory insufficiency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. Additional Measures<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Cardiac monitoring (continuous ECG)<\/li>\n \t<li>Blood gas analysis, electrolyte monitoring every 2\u20134 h<\/li>\n \t<li>Circulatory monitoring, urine output<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe experimental use of anticonvulsive immunotherapy (antibodies against aconitine) is only available in specialized clinics, but so far without practical evidence.","prognose":"Aconitine intoxications are often fatal and sometimes lead to the animal's death just a few hours after toxin ingestion.\n\nThe prognosis is <strong>guarded to poor<\/strong>, depending on the dose and the time until treatment:\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>Parameter<\/td>\n<td>Prognosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n <td>< 2 g needles\/kg BW<\/td>\n<td>Rather favorable with rapid therapy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n <td>> 2 g needles\/kg BW<\/td>\n<td>High mortality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Symptoms > 2 h untreated<\/td>\n<td>Very unfavorable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<strong>Aftercare:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Inpatient monitoring for at least 48 hours<\/li>\n \t<li>Continuous ECG and circulatory monitoring<\/li>\n \t<li>Electrolyte and blood gas monitoring every 4\u20136 h<\/li>\n \t<li>Support for liver and kidneys in case of secondary damage<\/li>\n \t<li>Possibly physiotherapeutic support after neurological deficits<\/li>\n<\/ul>","zusammenfassung_gift":"<ul>\n \t<li>Monkshood (Aconitum napellus) is one of the most poisonous native plants.<\/li>\n \t<li>As little as 1\u20132 g of plant material\/kg BW can be lethal.<\/li>\n \t<li>Taxin A\/B blocks sodium and calcium channels \u2192 arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory arrest.<\/li>\n \t<li>No antidotes available \u2013 treatment is purely symptomatic and intensive care-based.<\/li>\n \t<li>Early intervention is crucial; prognosis is better with rapid treatment.<\/li>\n \t<li>Prevention by removing the plant from gardens and educating pet owners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","ausblick_gift":"Current research approaches for improving diagnosis and treatment:\n<ol>\n \t<li>Antidote Development<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Search for high-affinity aconitine antibodies<\/li>\n \t<li>Molecular inhibitors for sodium channel binding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Pharmacokinetic Studies<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Absorption and elimination profiles across different ages, breeds, sexes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Rapid Tests<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Point-of-care detection of aconitine in blood or urine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Clinical Studies<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Optimization of antiarrhythmic protocols<\/li>\n \t<li>Comparison of benzodiazepines vs. barbiturates in seizure management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Prevention<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Development of safe garden plant alternatives<\/li>\n \t<li>Educational campaigns for dog and cat owners<\/li>\n<\/ul>","weitere_inhalte_hauptteil":"","haufig_gestellte_fragen_faqs":"<ol>\n \t<li><strong>Is the entire monkshood plant poisonous?<\/strong>\nYes, leaves, flowers, seeds, roots \u2013 only the red aril is non-toxic.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>How quickly do the first symptoms appear?<\/strong>\nOften within 15\u201360 minutes after ingestion.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>How much monkshood is lethal?<\/strong>\nAs little as 1\u20132 g of plant material per kilogram of body weight in dogs.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>What to do if poisoning is suspected?<\/strong>\nSeek veterinary attention immediately, induce vomiting only if instructed, activated charcoal.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Is there an antidote?<\/strong>\nNo, treatment is purely symptomatic and intensive care-based.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Which symptoms appear first?<\/strong>\nVomiting, salivation, muscle tremors, followed by cardiac arrhythmias.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Can my pet fully recover?<\/strong>\nYes, with very early and intensive therapy, recovery chances exist.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Are cats also at risk?<\/strong>\nYes, cats can be poisoned by licking contaminated paws.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>How can I prevent poisoning?<\/strong>\nDo not plant monkshood in the garden or make it inaccessible to pets.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Will there be long-term damage?<\/strong>\nIf the acute phase is overcome without organ damage, there are usually no long-term consequences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","quellen":"<ul>\n \t<li>https:\/\/www.vetpharm.uzh.ch\/giftdb\/pflanzen\/0004_tvm.<\/li>\n \t<li>Stetzenbach, M., Schnorbus, B., Sagoschen, I., Bleser, W., Legner, D., & St\u00fcrer, A. (2017). Acute monkshood intoxication requiring resuscitation with suicidal intent. AINS - An\u00e4sthesiologie \u00b7 Intensivmedizin \u00b7 Notfallmedizin \u00b7 Schmerztherapie, 52(09), 641\u2013644.<\/li>\n \t<li>M\u00fcller, M. (2019). Dangerous garden plants for pets: An overview. Vet Journal, 33(4), pp. 112\u2013117.<\/li>\n \t<li>White, D. (2020). Cardiotoxic plants and their effects on dogs and cats. Veterin\u00e4rbotanik, 24(2), pp. 56\u201361.<\/li>\n \t<li>Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2012): Toxic plants. In: Peterson, M.E.; Talcott, P.A. (eds.): Small Animal Toxicology, 3rd ed., Elsevier, pp. 364\u2013377.<\/li>\n \t<li>Cope, R.B. (2005): Aconitum species poisoning in domestic animals. In: Gupta, R. (ed.): Veterinary Toxicology, Academic Press, pp. 507\u2013512.<\/li>\n \t<li>Dorman, D.C. (2010): Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of aconitine alkaloids. Vet Hum Toxicol, 52(4), 242\u2013247.<\/li>\n \t<li>Cortinovis, C.; Caloni, F. (2013): Plants poisonous to dogs and cats: a review. Toxins, 5(6), 1171\u20131192. doi: 10.3390\/toxins5061171<\/li>\n \t<li>Knight, A.; Walter, R. (2001): A Guide to Poisonous House and Garden Plants, Teton NewMedia, Jackson (WY).<\/li>\n \t<li>L\u00f6we G, L\u00f6we O. Poisonings in Dogs and Cats \u2013 A Veterinary Guide. 2nd Edition. Kreuztal: Kynos-Verlag. 2021; 208 p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","extra":"","weitere_suchbegriffe":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Monkshood Poisoning (Aconitum napellus) in dogs and cats - PETSVETCHECK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Monkshood Poisoning: We describe the mechanism of action, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis in dogs and cats.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/poisonings\/poisoning-from-a-z\/monkshood-aconitum-napellus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Monkshood Poisoning (Aconitum napellus)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Monkshood Poisoning: We describe the mechanism of action, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis in dogs and cats.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/poisonings\/poisoning-from-a-z\/monkshood-aconitum-napellus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PETSVETCHECK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/petsvetcheck.de\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-15T13:02:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/petsvetcheck.de\\\/en\\\/diseases-and-disorders\\\/poisonings\\\/poisoning-from-a-z\\\/monkshood-aconitum-napellus\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/petsvetcheck.de\\\/en\\\/diseases-and-disorders\\\/poisonings\\\/poisoning-from-a-z\\\/monkshood-aconitum-napellus\\\/\",\"name\":\"Monkshood Poisoning (Aconitum napellus) in dogs and cats - 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