{"id":32433,"date":"2024-05-14T15:45:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T13:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/krankheiten-und-stoerungen\/vergiftungen\/vergiftungen-von-a-z\/ammoniak\/"},"modified":"2026-10-15T15:01:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T13:01:53","slug":"ammonia","status":"publish","type":"gift","link":"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/en\/diseases-and-disorders\/poisonings\/poisoning-from-a-z\/ammonia\/","title":{"rendered":"Ammonia Poisoning (Ammonia Toxicosis)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ammonia is found in all-purpose cleaners, oven cleaners, window cleaners, floor waxes, and toilet and drain cleaners.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","giftigkeit-pflanzen":[],"gift-kategorie":[157],"class_list":["post-32433","gift","type-gift","status-publish","hentry","gift-kategorie-poisoning-by-household-products","entry"],"acf":{"triage":"orange","triage_begruendung":"Corrosive irritant\/caustic agent: risk of severe mucosal necrosis in dogs and cats; inhalation can lead to severe respiratory irritation and even respiratory insufficiency.","triage_eskalation":"<p>RED for shortness of breath\/stridor, massive mouth\/esophageal lesions, collapse, convulsions<\/p><p>Do not induce Vomiting\/no neutralization. After inhalation: delayed respiratory problems possible \u2192 observation. <\/p>","besonderheiten_katze":"Cats (especially kittens) can develop hypoglycemia\/hypothermia more quickly; monitor for risk of aspiration\/respiratory depression.","einfuhrung":"Ammonia is a colorless, strong-smelling chemical compound with the formula NH\u2083, which can be highly toxic to humans and animals in concentrated form. At room temperature, ammonia exists as a gas and dissolves easily in water. Many household cleaners contain ammonia in various concentrations, with so-called \u201call-purpose cleaners\u201d potentially being up to 25% ammonia solutions. These highly concentrated solutions are corrosive and toxic.   \n\nThe toxicity of ammonia is based on its strongly basic properties (pH value of about 11\u201312 in concentrated solution), which can lead to chemical burns, as well as its ability to interfere with metabolism. The mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, the eyes, and the digestive tract in case of oral ingestion are particularly at risk. Ammonia has a strong corrosive effect on moist body surfaces and can cause profound tissue damage.  \n\nDogs and cats are particularly sensitive to ammonia poisoning due to their body size and physiological characteristics. Cats often show more severe symptoms than dogs with comparable exposure, due to their lower body weight and specific metabolic properties. ","wirkungsmechanismus":"\u201cAll-purpose cleaner\u201d, for example, is a 25% ammonia solution and is highly toxic and corrosive.\n\nAmmonia poisoning in pets can occur in several ways. The most common routes of exposure are:\n\nInhalation of ammonia vapors is the most common route of exposure. This can happen during cleaning with products containing ammonia in poorly ventilated rooms. Situations where ammonia is mixed with cleaners containing chlorine are particularly dangerous, as this can create highly toxic chloramines.\n\nOral intake is less common, as the pungent smell is usually a deterrent for animals. Nevertheless, dogs that drink from toilet bowls may ingest ammonia residue if toilet cleaners were used previously. Licking paws after Contact with cleaned surfaces can also lead to oral intake.\n\nSkin contact with concentrated ammonia solutions can lead to chemical burns. The paw pads are particularly sensitive when animals walk over freshly cleaned, still damp surfaces.\n\nEye contact can occur from splashes during cleaning or if animals touch their eyes with contaminated paws, leading to severe irritation or even chemical burns.\n\nIn addition to household cleaners, there are other often-overlooked sources of ammonia:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Insufficiently cleaned litter boxes, where ammonia forms due to bacterial decomposition of urea<\/li>\n \t<li>Agricultural sources such as slurry and certain fertilizers<\/li>\n \t<li>Poorly maintained aquariums, where ammonia can accumulate through biological processes<\/li>\n \t<li>Industrial sources in the vicinity of residential areas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe pungent odor makes it unattractive for animals, so drinking is unlikely.\nHowever, dogs accustomed to drinking from the toilet bowl could also ingest ammonia residues orally.\nLicking paws after contact and inhaling fumes are the main sources of unintentional ammonia exposure.","toxisches_prinzip":"The toxic effect results from both local action and systemic effects after absorption.\nAmmonia has a strong corrosive effect locally on moist body surfaces such as eyes, skin, lungs, and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.\nThis effect is independent of whether ammonia was inhaled or ingested orally.\nAfter absorption, ammonia affects one of the body's most important metabolic processes, the citric acid cycle, which is responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.\nMetabolic processes change, leading to increased acid (lactate) production, resulting in acidosis (lactic acidosis).\nThis causes cell damage and damage to the CNS.","symptome_einer_intoxikation":"Inhaled in low concentrations, ammonia causes\n<ul>\n \t<li>Burning in the eyes<\/li>\n \t<li>Tearing<\/li>\n \t<li>Irritation of the nasal mucous membranes<\/li>\n \t<li>Sneezing<\/li>\n \t<li>Cough<\/li>\n \t<li>Throat irritation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn high concentrations, even a few breaths can lead to severe respiratory symptoms.\n<ul>\n \t<li>severe irritation<\/li>\n \t<li>Laryngospasm (spasm of the larynx)<\/li>\n \t<li>Shortness of breath<\/li>\n \t<li>Inflammation to chemical burns<\/li>\n \t<li>toxic pulmonary edema<\/li>\n \t<li>respiratory insufficiency<\/li>\n \t<li>Hypoxia<\/li>\n \t<li>acute lung failure<\/li>\n \t<li>Unconsciousness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWith oral ingestion\n<ul>\n \t<li>Vomiting, sometimes bloody<\/li>\n \t<li>severe abdominal pain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSupplements\n\nThe symptomatology of ammonia poisoning varies depending on the route of exposure, concentration, and duration of effect. Basically, a distinction is made between symptoms following inhalation and those following oral intake.\n\nWhen inhaling low ammonia concentrations, affected animals show:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Burning in the eyes with increased tear production<\/li>\n \t<li>Irritation of the nasal mucous membranes with sneezing and nasal discharge<\/li>\n \t<li>Coughing and retching<\/li>\n \t<li>Restlessness and behavioral changes<\/li>\n \t<li>Increased respiratory rate<\/li>\n \t<li>Drooling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWith inhalation of high ammonia concentrations or prolonged exposure, more severe symptoms may occur:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Severe shortness of breath with wheezing or rattling breath sounds<\/li>\n \t<li>Laryngospasm (laryngeal spasm)<\/li>\n \t<li>Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes)<\/li>\n \t<li>Development of toxic pulmonary edema with frothy nasal discharge<\/li>\n \t<li>Respiratory insufficiency<\/li>\n \t<li>Hypoxia with impaired consciousness leading to unconsciousness<\/li>\n \t<li>Seizures due to lack of oxygen in the brain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nWith oral ingestion of ammonia, the following symptoms become prominent:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Excessive salivation<\/li>\n \t<li>Chemical burns of the oral mucous membrane with redness, swelling, and ulcerations<\/li>\n \t<li>Vomiting, sometimes with blood<\/li>\n \t<li>Severe abdominal pain, recognizable by a tense abdominal wall and expressions of pain<\/li>\n \t<li>Diarrhea, possibly with blood<\/li>\n \t<li>Difficulty swallowing<\/li>\n \t<li>Dehydration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn the case of skin contact, local chemical burns with redness, Swelling, and blistering can occur. Eye contact leads to severe conjunctivitis, corneal damage, and intense tearing.\n\n\u00a0","diagnose_gift":"The diagnosis of ammonia poisoning is primarily based on the anamnesis and the clinical picture. Crucial information includes possible contact with ammonia-containing substances and the characteristic symptoms. \n\nDuring the clinical examination, the veterinarian pays particular attention to:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Respiratory rate and pattern<\/li>\n \t<li>Auscultation of the lungs to detect crackles or dullness<\/li>\n \t<li>Mucous membrane color to assess oxygen supply<\/li>\n \t<li>Examination of the oral cavity for chemical burns if oral ingestion is suspected<\/li>\n \t<li>Assessment of hydration status<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nTo confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity, the following diagnostic measures may be useful:\n\nImaging procedures:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Thoracic X-rays to assess lung parenchyma and detect pulmonary edema<\/li>\n \t<li>In severe cases, a <a title=\"Introduction to Computed Tomography (CT)\" href=\"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/fachbeitrag\/computertomografie-hund-katze\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"594\">computed tomography<\/a> (CT) scan can be helpful for detailed visualization of lung changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nLaboratory diagnostics:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Blood gas analysis to assess respiratory function and acid-base balance<\/li>\n \t<li>Blood count to detect inflammatory reactions<\/li>\n \t<li>Clinical-chemical examinations to assess organ functions, especially liver and kidneys<\/li>\n \t<li>In case of oral ingestion, determination of electrolytes and kidney values<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nEndoscopic examinations:\n<ul>\n \t<li>In case of suspected severe chemical burns of the upper digestive tract, an endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum may be indicated<\/li>\n \t<li>Bronchoscopy to assess the airways in severe respiratory symptoms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe differential diagnosis includes other intoxications with corrosive substances, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, foreign body aspiration, and allergic reactions.","therapeutische_prinzipien":"There is no antidote.\nIn severe ammonia poisoning, life-saving emergency resuscitation measures may be necessary.\nThis means:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Check breathing, if absent \u2192<\/li>\n \t<li>Chest compressions (30x)<\/li>\n \t<li>Ventilation (2x)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nImmediate measures include decontamination. Affected body parts (eyes, fur, paws) should be thoroughly cleaned. Eyes should be flushed for at least 15 minutes if possible.\nFor decontamination of fur or paws, generous and prolonged flushing with lukewarm water, or showering\/bathing the animals, should be performed.\nWhen bathing animals, remember to change the water.\nIf ammonia has been swallowed, vomiting should not be induced; instead, dilution of the ammonia in the <a title=\"Gastrointestinal Problems in Cats\" href=\"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/fachbeitrag\/magen-darm-probleme-bei-katzen\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"649\">stomach<\/a> should be attempted by administering warm water. This should be followed by repeated gastric lavage.\nSymptomatic therapy then follows.\nThe focus is on lung function and thus the body's oxygen supply.\nOften, oxygen enrichment of the breathing air during spontaneous breathing or mechanical ventilation is necessary.\nSpecial attention is paid to water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, as well as the treatment of pulmonary edema.   \n\nSupplements\n\nThe treatment of ammonia poisoning depends on the type of exposure, the severity of symptoms, and the time of veterinary presentation. There is no specific antidote for ammonia, so symptomatic therapy is paramount. \n\nImmediate measures and decontamination:\nIn case of skin contact, thorough flushing with lukewarm water for at least 15\u201320 minutes should be performed. Affected animals can be showered or bathed, with the water changed multiple times. In case of eye contact, extensive flushing with physiological saline solution or water for at least 15\u201320 minutes is required.  \n\nVomiting should not be induced after oral intake, as this would lead to re-exposure of the esophagus to the corrosive ammonia. Instead, dilution should be attempted by carefully administering water. In the hospital, gastric lavage under <a title=\"Surgery in Dogs or Cats: Procedure, Risks and Aftercare\" href=\"https:\/\/petsvetcheck.de\/ratgeber\/operation-bei-hund-oder-katze-ablauf-risiken-und-nachsorge\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"431\">general anesthesia<\/a> may be considered.  \n\nAirway Management:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Oxygen therapy for the treatment of hypoxia<\/li>\n \t<li>In severe respiratory distress, intubation and mechanical ventilation may be necessary<\/li>\n \t<li>Bronchodilators to widen the airways<\/li>\n \t<li>Inhalation therapy with humidified air to aid mucous membrane clearance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nMedical Therapy:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Corticosteroids to reduce inflammatory response in the airways (controversial, as they can delay healing)<\/li>\n \t<li>Antibiotics in case of suspected secondary infections<\/li>\n \t<li>Analgesics for pain relief<\/li>\n \t<li>Proton pump inhibitors or H\u2082 receptor antagonists for chemical burns of the digestive tract<\/li>\n \t<li>Infusion therapy to stabilize circulation and correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalances<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIn severe cases, intensive care monitoring with regular checks of blood gases, acid-base balance, and vital parameters may be required.","prognose":"The prognosis of ammonia poisoning largely depends on the severity of exposure, the concentration of ammonia, the time until therapy begins, and the affected organ system.\n\nIn cases of mild poisoning with predominantly local irritation, the prognosis is generally good. Most animals recover completely within a few days if adequate therapy is initiated.\n\nIn cases of moderate poisoning involving the lower respiratory tract, the prognosis should be guarded. Healing can take weeks, and there is a risk of secondary infections or the development of chronic bronchitis.\n\nSevere poisoning with pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, or extensive chemical burns of the digestive tract has a poor prognosis. Even if the acute phase is survived, long-term consequences such as Scar tissue formation in the lungs with chronic restriction of lung function, strictures in the digestive tract, or permanent eye damage may persist.\n\nAftercare includes:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Regular follow-up examinations to assess healing<\/li>\n \t<li>Repeated chest X-rays for severe respiratory symptoms<\/li>\n \t<li>Adjustment of medication depending on the course of healing<\/li>\n \t<li>Airway physiotherapy if needed<\/li>\n \t<li>Dietary measures for chemical burns of the digestive tract<\/li>\n \t<li>Long-term monitoring of lung function in severe cases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nFor the prevention of further incidents, pet owners should be educated on the safe storage and use of products containing ammonia. Alternative, more pet-friendly cleaning agents can be recommended.","zusammenfassung_gift":"The prognosis of ammonia poisoning largely depends on the severity of exposure, the concentration of ammonia, the time until therapy begins, and the affected organ system.\n\nIn cases of mild poisoning with predominantly local irritation, the prognosis is generally good. Most animals recover completely within a few days if adequate therapy is initiated.\n\nIn cases of moderate poisoning involving the lower respiratory tract, the prognosis should be guarded. Healing can take weeks, and there is a risk of secondary infections or the development of chronic bronchitis.\n\nSevere poisoning with pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, or extensive chemical burns of the digestive tract has a poor prognosis. Even if the acute phase is survived, long-term consequences such as Scar tissue formation in the lungs with chronic restriction of lung function, strictures in the digestive tract, or permanent eye damage may persist.\n\nAftercare includes:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Regular follow-up examinations to assess healing<\/li>\n \t<li>Repeated chest X-rays for severe respiratory symptoms<\/li>\n \t<li>Adjustment of medication depending on the course of healing<\/li>\n \t<li>Airway physiotherapy if needed<\/li>\n \t<li>Dietary measures for chemical burns of the digestive tract<\/li>\n \t<li>Long-term monitoring of lung function in severe cases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nFor the prevention of further incidents, pet owners should be educated on the safe storage and use of products containing ammonia. Alternative, more pet-friendly cleaning agents can be recommended.","ausblick_gift":"Current research in the field of ammonia poisoning in small animals focuses on several promising areas:\n\nNew therapeutic approaches for treating lung burns are being investigated, including the use of surfactant preparations to improve lung function in cases of toxic pulmonary edema. These substances could reduce surface tension in the alveoli and thus improve gas exchange.\n\nIn the field of regenerative medicine, the use of stem cell therapies to support tissue regeneration after severe chemical burns is being researched. Initial studies show promising results in the healing of mucosal damage.\n\nImproved biomarkers for the early detection of organ damage could enable more precise prognosis in the future. Specific inflammatory mediators and cell damage markers are being investigated for their diagnostic value in ammonia poisoning.\n\nThe development of inhalation therapies with special combinations of active ingredients could optimize the local treatment of respiratory damage. Formulations with mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, and epithelial-regenerating properties are the focus.\n\nPrevention is also supported by research into safer household cleaners. Manufacturers are working on products with reduced ammonia content while maintaining cleaning performance, as well as child-safe and pet-safe packaging.\n\nThe long-term consequences of ammonia poisoning are being systematically recorded in follow-up studies to develop better rehabilitation protocols and to detect and treat chronic complications early.","weitere_inhalte_hauptteil":"","haufig_gestellte_fragen_faqs":"<ol>\n \t<li><strong>How do I identify ammonia-containing cleaning products?<\/strong>\nProducts containing ammonia usually have a characteristic, pungent odor. Labels will include notes such as \"contains ammonia,\" \"ammonium hydroxide,\" or \"spirits of ammonia.\" Look for hazard symbols and warning notices on the packaging.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>How long should I observe my pet after ammonia poisoning?<\/strong>\nAfter mild poisoning, you should observe your pet for at least 24\u201348 hours, as pulmonary edema can develop with a delay. In cases of severe poisoning, veterinary monitoring for several days is necessary.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>What ammonia-free alternatives are there for household cleaning?<\/strong>\nVinegar, citric acid, baking soda, or special eco-friendly cleaners without ammonia are good alternatives. These are less dangerous for pets and often just as effective.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Can a single exposure to ammonia fumes cause permanent damage?<\/strong>\nYes, even a single exposure to high concentrations can lead to permanent lung damage. Situations in closed, poorly ventilated rooms are particularly dangerous.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Are cats or dogs more sensitive to ammonia?<\/strong>\nCats often react more sensitively to ammonia vapors due to their specific respiratory anatomy and lower body weight. In addition, they spend more time grooming, which can lead to the oral ingestion of substances from their fur.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>How can I prevent my pet from coming into contact with ammonia?<\/strong>\nStore cleaning products in locked cabinets, ventilate thoroughly during and after cleaning, keep animals in other rooms during cleaning, and rinse cleaned surfaces well.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Can ammonia concentration in litter boxes become dangerous?<\/strong>\nYes, if cleaning is insufficient, ammonia can form in litter boxes through the bacterial decomposition of urea. This can lead to chronic respiratory irritation. Regular cleaning and good ventilation are important.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>What first aid measures can I take if ammonia poisoning is suspected?<\/strong>\nTake the animal into the fresh air immediately, rinse affected body parts with plenty of lukewarm water, and contact your veterinarian immediately. Do not try to induce Vomiting.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>Are there long-term consequences after recovering from ammonia poisoning?<\/strong>\nAfter severe poisonings, chronic bronchitis, lung scarring with impaired lung function, strictures in the digestive tract, or corneal damage may remain.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>How long does full recovery take after ammonia poisoning?<\/strong>\nIn mild cases, recovery can occur within a few days. In moderate to severe poisoning, the healing process can take weeks to months, and regular veterinary check-ups are required.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","quellen":"<ul>\n \t<li>Dodd, K. T., & Gross, D. R. (1980). Ammonia inhalation toxicity in cats: a study of acute and chronic respiratory dysfunction. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 35(1), 6-14.<\/li>\n \t<li>D\u00f6rfelt, R., & Richter, P. (2018). Poisoning with household cleaners in cats. Kleintierpraxis, (4), 176-186.<\/li>\n \t<li>L\u00f6we, G, L\u00f6we, O: Poisoning in dogs and cats. 2nd edition, Kynos Verlag, 2021. 208 pp.<\/li>\n \t<li>Bates, N. and Edwards, N. (2019). Toxicology of common household hazards. In Practice, 41(10), 385-392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/inp.l6742<\/li>\n \t<li>Lee, J. A. (2021). Decontamination and treatment of common household toxicoses in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 51(6), 1299-1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.06.006<\/li>\n \t<li>Mazzaferro, E. M. (2020). Small Animal Toxicological Emergencies. In Silverstein, D. C. & Hopper, K. (Eds.), Small Animal Critical Care Medicine (3rd ed., pp. 834-839). Elsevier.<\/li>\n \t<li>Peterson, M. E. and Talcott, P. A. (2022). Small Animal Toxicology (4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.<\/li>\n \t<li>Wismer, T. A. and Means, C. (2018). Toxicology of Household Cleaning Products and Disinfectants. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 48(6), 1019-1029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.06.007<\/li>\n<\/ul>","extra":"","weitere_suchbegriffe":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ammonia Poisoning (Ammonia Toxicosis) in dogs and cats - PETSVETCHECK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ammonia poisoning in pets is serious. 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