Bruising (Hematoma) in the Skin and Gums in cats
When to visit the vet?
Urgent see a veterinarian within 24 hours
If the condition worsens / symptoms persist, consult a veterinarian.
Unsure about what’s wrong with your pet? Feel free to use our Symptom Checker for more clarity
Definition
Bruising, also known as hematoma, are collections of blood outside the blood vessels, often visible as blue marks under the skin or in the gums. In cats, such bruising can be caused by injuries or medical conditions.
Can Occur with the Following Diseases:
Basics and possible causes
Bruising in cats occurs when blood vessels are damaged and blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. This can happen due to mechanical injuries, such as bumps or blows. Cats can easily injure themselves in daily life, especially if they are active or live in an environment that poses many dangers.
Another common reason for hematoma is blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. disorders. With these disorders, the blood cannot clot normally, which means that even small injuries can lead to large bruising. Causes of blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. disorders include genetic diseases, liver diseases, vitaminVitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for the normal growth, development, and physiological function of the body. Vitamins must mostly be obtained through food, as the body cannot produce them or not in sufficient quantities. K deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones., or the intake of certain medications that affect blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound..
Cats can also develop bruising due to infections or Inflammatory conditions. Some infectiousInfectious describes the ability of a pathogen to be transmitted from one individual to another and trigger an infection. It also refers to diseases caused by such pathogens. diseases, such as FelineFeline refers to anything related to cats. The term is used to describe diseases, behaviors, or anatomical aspects that are specific to cats. Immunodeficiency VirusA virus is a microscopic infectious particle that cannot reproduce on its own and must infect a host cell to produce new virus particles. Viruses can cause a variety of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. (FIV) or FelineFeline refers to anything related to cats. The term is used to describe diseases, behaviors, or anatomical aspects that are specific to cats. Leukemia VirusA virus is a microscopic infectious particle that cannot reproduce on its own and must infect a host cell to produce new virus particles. Viruses can cause a variety of diseases in humans, animals, and plants. (FeLV), affect the immune systemThe immune system is the body's defense system against infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It comprises a complex network of organs, cells, and molecules that work together to protect the body. and can impair blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound..
Finally, tumors or other abnormal tissue growths can affect the integrity of blood vessels and lead to bruising. If a tumorA tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue that can be benign or malignant. Tumors can develop in any part of the body and affect various functions. grows near blood vessels, it can displace or damage them, thus causing Bleeding.
Typical accompanying symptoms
- Swelling: Bruising can be accompanied by swelling of the affected area, which is due to the accumulation of blood and the body’s inflammatory response.
- Pain: The affected cat may show pain when the hematoma is touched, which is due to the pressure of the collected blood on the surrounding tissue.
- Behavioral changes: Cats with pain or discomfort due to bruising may withdraw, be less active, or refuse to be touched.
- Bleeding gums: Bruising in the gums can be accompanied by spontaneous bleeding or an unusually pale color of the gums, which indicates possible anemia.
- Weakness or Lethargy: In cases of severe or extensive bruising, a cat may show weakness or lethargy, especially if the blood loss is significant.
When to see a vet?
It is important to consult a veterinarian if a cat develops unusual bruising, especially if it occurs without an apparent reason. Bruising accompanied by other symptoms such as bleeding gums, lethargy, or behavioral changes requires an immediate veterinary examination.
If the cat shows signs of Pain or refuses to eat and drink, a veterinarian should also be consulted as soon as possible. These symptoms can indicate a serious underlying condition that requires urgent treatment.
Even if a cat already has known health problems, such as a diagnosed coagulationCoagulation is the process of blood coagulation, in which liquid blood is transformed into a solid clot. This process is crucial for stopping Bleeding and promoting wound healing. disorder or liver disease, it is important to inform the veterinarian about new or worsening bruising and to arrange for further examination.
Symptom recognition for the pet owner and veterinary diagnostic procedure
The first step in the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. of bruising in cats is to take the cat’s medical historyThe medical history is the systematic collection of a patient's medical history through questioning. It includes information about previous illnesses, treatments, allergies, and lifestyle habits. and perform a thorough physical examination. The veterinarian will ask about possible injuries, recently taken medications, and known health problems.
Blood tests are crucial to determine the cause of the bruising. These may include complete blood counts, which provide information about the number and type of blood cells, as well as specific tests to assess blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound.. These tests help identify blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. disorders or infections.
In some cases, it may be necessary to use imaging techniques such as X-rays or ultrasoundUltrasound refers to sound waves that are above the hearing threshold of the human ear. In medicine, ultrasound is used for diagnostic imaging procedures to visualize internal organs, tissues, and blood flow. to detect internal injuries or tumors that could be causing bruising. Depending on the suspicion, a tissue sample (biopsyA biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small amount of tissue is removed from the body to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Biopsies can help diagnose cancer and other conditions.) may also be required for a more precise diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients..
What the pet owner can do and professional therapy options
As a pet owner, you can first ensure that your cat remains in a safe environment to avoid further injuries. Remove potential hazards and restrict access to areas where the cat could fall or get trapped.
Avoid touching or massaging the affected areas, as this could increase the Pain. Instead, ensure that the cat remains in a calm and stress-free environment to support the healing process.
Make sure your cat gets enough water and food. If necessary, the food can be softened to facilitate intake, especially with bruising in the gum area.
It is important to follow all veterinary instructions, including administering medication if prescribed. Painkillers should only be given after consulting a veterinarian, as many human painkillers can be toxicToxic means "poisonous" and refers to substances that can have harmful effects on the body, including damage to organs, cells, or disruption of metabolic processes. to cats.
Observe your cat closely for changes in behavior or the condition of the bruising. If there is a worsening or new symptoms appear, you should contact the veterinarian immediately.
Outlook on current research
Research into the identification and treatment of hematoma in cats has made progress in recent years, particularly through the development of non-invasive diagnostic procedures. These procedures allow veterinarians to determine the cause of bruising more accurately without the need for invasiveInvasive describes medical procedures or pathogens that enter the body or penetrate tissue. In medicine, invasive procedures can range from minimally invasive techniques to open surgery. interventions. Modern imaging technologies, such as ultrasound and MRI, allow a detailed view of blood vessels and tissues, which facilitates the determination of the bleeding origin.
Genetic studies are another focus of current research. Scientists are investigating genetic markers that could lead to an increased susceptibility to bruising in some cats. These studies help to better understand how genetic predispositions affect blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. and how they can contribute to the diagnosisA diagnosis is the identification of a disease or condition by its symptoms and/or results from diagnostic tests. It is the first step in the management and treatment of patients. and treatment of bruising.
Another area of research is the role of nutrition and environmental factors in the development of hematoma. Studies have shown that malnutrition, especially a deficiencyDeficiency means a lack or absence of a necessary substance required for normal bodily functions or health, such as vitamins, minerals, or hormones. in important vitamins and minerals, can increase the risk of bruising. Research focuses on how a balanced diet can contribute to the preventionPrevention includes measures taken to prevent diseases or injuries. In veterinary medicine, this includes vaccinations, parasite control, and health monitoring. of hematoma.
The development of medications for the treatment of blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. disorders that lead to bruising is also an active research area. New therapeutic approaches aim to improve the blood’s clotting ability without increasing the risk of thrombosisThrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel that can obstruct or block blood flow. Thromboses can occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or arteries (arterial thrombosis).. These medications could be crucial for cats that are prone to hematoma due to genetic or acquired disorders.
Finally, research is investigating the effects of stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. and psychologicalPsychological refers to anything related to the mind or behavior. In veterinary medicine, this can include the study of animal behavior, including stress responses and behavioral disorders. factors on the development of hematoma. There is evidence that stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. can affect blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound., which could lead to a higher tendency for bruising. Further studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms and develop appropriate therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions. strategies.
Frequently asked questions
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What are hematoma in cats? Hematoma in cats are blood collections under the skin or in the gums, which arise from the injury of blood vessels. These can be caused by traumas, blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. disorders, or other medical conditions.
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How do I recognize a hematoma in my cat? Hematoma often appear as discolored, Swelling areas on the skin or in the gums. They can be red, blue, or purple and are often tender to the touch. In the gums, they are visible as dark spots.
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Can stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. cause hematoma in cats? Indirectly, stressStress refers to the state of an organism reacting to external stimuli or demands. In veterinary medicine, stress can have physical or psychological effects on animals, impacting their health and well-being. can affect blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound., which could lead to an increased tendency for hematoma. However, further research is needed to fully understand this connection.
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Are hematoma in cats painful? Hematoma can be painful, especially if they are under pressure or located in an area that is frequently moved. Cats often show Pain through withdrawal, Restlessness, or aggression.
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How are hematomas treated in cats? The treatment depends on the cause. In many cases, hematoma heal on their own. For large or painful hematoma, a veterinarian may recommend a puncture or surgical removal. Painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications can be administered as accompanying therapyTherapy refers to the treatment of diseases or disorders with the aim of alleviating symptoms, promoting healing, or improving quality of life. Therapies can be medicinal, surgical, or through other medical interventions..
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Can hematoma in cats disappear on their own? Yes, many hematoma resorb themselves within one to two weeks. Treatment is often only necessary for large, painful, or recurring hematoma.
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What are the risk factors for hematoma in cats? Risk factors include traumas, blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound. disorders, certain medications, genetic predispositions, and malnutrition. Certain diseases, such as liver or kidney diseases, can also increase the risk.
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Are there preventive measures against hematoma? A balanced diet, regular veterinary examinations, and the avoidance of traumas can help reduce the risk of hematoma. Cats should also be protected from toxicToxic means "poisonous" and refers to substances that can have harmful effects on the body, including damage to organs, cells, or disruption of metabolic processes. substances that could affect blood coagulationBlood coagulation is a process that helps stop Bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. Platelets and certain proteins in the plasma form a blood clot that seals the wound..
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How can I help my cat with a hematoma? Ensure that the cat is not exposed to further injuries and observe the hematoma for changes. Cooling compresses can help reduce Swelling. If in doubt or if the hematoma does not heal, you should consult a veterinarian.
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When should I take my cat to the vet? You should consult a veterinarian if the hematoma is very large, does not improve within a few days, your cat is in Pain, or if further symptoms such as Bleeding, weakness, or loss of appetite occur.